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A plasmid


A) is the bacterial genome.
B) is a small chromosomal DNA
C) is only recombinant.
D) does not code for proteins.
E) is double-stranded RNA.

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What is the major difference between using green fluorescent protein versus using an antibiotic resistance gene as a reporter gene?


A) The green fluorescent protein can be used only when the host cell is a plant cell because it relies on the process of photosynthesis.
B) The antibiotic resistance gene can be used only when the host cell is an animal.
C) The green fluorescent protein can be used only in transfection, not in transformation.
D) With the green fluorescent protein, no cells are killed in the selection process.
E) Homologous recombination will work only with the green fluorescent protein.

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Suppose that you wanted to express a protein from animal cells using recombinant DNA technology. Why might you prefer to use yeast as the host rather than E. coli?


A) Posttranslational protein processing in yeasts is similar to that in animals.
B) Yeast is a multicellular organism.
C) Yeast has a smaller genome than E. coli.
D) Yeast is a prokaryote.
E) Yeast is easier to cultivate than the bacterium.

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An important enzyme, called _______, is essential for synthesizing cDNA from mRNA.

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reverse tr...

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Recombinant DNA technology has produced medically useful products. Most of these products are _______ that are normally present in low amounts in animals and are difficult to _______; _______ vectors were used to obtain these products in large amounts.


A) hormones; purify; expression
B) proteins; purify; expression
C) hormones; detect; plasmid
D) proteins; detect; plasmid
E) proteins; purify; plasmid

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Found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the _______ permits the bacterium to infect plants. It is often used as a vector in plant recombinant DNA technology.

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What was the original source of the green fluorescent protein?


A) Green algae
B) Arabidopsis thalania
C) Yeast
D) A firefly
E) A jellyfish

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A toxin gene from the bacterium _______, which has been genetically engineered into several crop plants, allows these plants to produce their own insecticides.

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Bacillus t...

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Which of the following was used to clean up the oil after the Exxon Valdez spill?


A) Bioremediation
B) Homologous recombination
C) Pharming
D) Microarray technology
E) RNA interference

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Pharming is


A) the use of expression vectors to modulate the expression of a gene in a specific tissue.
B) the use of reporter genes.
C) a critical step in the generation of YACs.
D) a type of mutagenesis.
E) None of the above

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Which of the following characteristics makes plasmids useful as a vector?


A) Unlike viruses, plasmids do not need to be coaxed to infect cells by artificial means.
B) Many plasmids contain genes that convey antibiotic resistance.
C) Plasmids can accommodate a large amount (over 100 kb) of DNA.
D) Plasmids use the same origin of replication as eukaryotic cells.
E) All of the above

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Gene expression can be inhibited by


A) antisense RNA.
B) knockout genes.
C) DNA microarrays.
D) microRNA.
E) a, b, and d

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"Pharming" is a term that describes


A) the use of animals in transgenic research.
B) plants making genetically altered foods.
C) synthesis of recombinant drugs by bacteria.
D) large-scale production of cloned animals.
E) synthesis of a drug by a transgenic plant or animal.

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What does the "c" in "cDNA library" stand for?


A) Cytoplasmic
B) Cellular
C) Compatible
D) Chip
E) Complementary

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The enzyme that catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments is known as _______.

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Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA is true?


A) All restriction endonucleases generate blunt end frag­ments.
B) Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are very strong.
C) Blunt ends are exposed bases that can hybridize with complementary sequence fragments.
D) Annealing takes place when temperatures are raised.
E) None of the above

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Suppose that your lab assistant has cloned gene X into yeast and confirmed that the recombinant DNA molecule is present in the yeast cells. However, the yeast cell is unable to synthesize X protein. Suggest why this part of the experiment is not working and what modifica­tions are needed in the cloning procedure.

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The X gene can be cloned into a yeast ce...

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Which of the following can be used to inhibit translation of a specific gene?


A) Antisense RNA
B) Interference RNA
C) DNA chips
D) Both a and b
E) Both b and c

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Reporter genes include genes for


A) drug resistance.
B) bioluminescence.
C) DNA origins.
D) restriction endonucleases.
E) Both a and b

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A disadvantage of recombinant DNA technology is that it


A) has the capacity to spread transgenes from crops to other species.
B) makes weeds herbicide-resistant.
C) creates transgenic plants that kill beneficial insects.
D) creates transgenic plants that could be harmful for human consumption.
E) All of the above

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