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Exam 21: Classical Conditioning

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Question 91

Multiple Choice

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B.F.Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

A) personal freedom.
B) early childhood experiences.
C) pleasure-seeking tendencies.
D) cultural background.

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Question 92

Multiple Choice

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A small-town radio disc jockey frequently announces how much money is currently in a jackpot.Every day several randomly selected residents are called and asked to identify the amount,and thereby win it.Those who keep track of the jackpot amount are most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

A) fixed-ratio
B) variable-interval
C) variable-ratio
D) fixed-interval

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Question 93

Multiple Choice

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A partial schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a ________ schedule.

To modify your own behavior using operant conditioning principles,you should

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer is called

Mr.Schlenker has improved worker productivity at his furniture manufacturing plant by occasionally sending notes of appreciation to his hard-working employees.Mr.Schlenker has improved productivity by means of

Researchers are studying how rapidly a hungry pigeon in a confined cage will learn to peck at a lighted disk in order to receive food.The researchers are most clearly using a(n) ________ to study learning.

Mandisa always picked up her infant daughter when she screamed because she couldn't have the toy she wanted.As a result,her daughter screams whenever she doesn't get her way.In this case,picking up the infant served as a(n) ________ for screaming.

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

B.F.Skinner's work elaborated what E.L.Thorndike had called

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specified number of responses is called a ________ schedule.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered an important component of effective student instruction involving the use of online adaptive quizzing?

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.Initially,he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball,then only for placing its front paws on the ball,and finally only for climbing on the ball.The trainer is using the method of

The study of respondent behavior is to ________ as the study of operant behavior is to ________.

Receiving money as a reward and having a monetary fine suspended are both ________ reinforcers.

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Janet has almost finished painting a neighbor's house,at which time she'll be paid $2000.The fact that she is increasingly unlikely to quit painting as she nears completion of the job best illustrates that operant behavior is strongly influenced by ________ reinforcers.

Some students study hard beginning with the first couple of weeks of a semester because they subsequently receive very good final course grades.This best illustrates that human behavior is influenced by

Mason,a stockbroker,runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress.Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.