Question 1

According to the textbook, which of the following cognitive abilities is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of mental images
B)  problem solving and decision making
C)  the use of language
D)  artistic ability

Question 2

The process of coming to a conclusion or making a judgment without conscious awareness of the thought processes involved is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness.
B)  a mental set.
C)  intuition.
D)  prototypical thinking.

Question 3

Since moving to the United States, Ernesto has established a very successful consulting business that advises U.S. corporations that plan to market their products in Central and South America. Ernesto appears to excel in what Robert Sternberg would call _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  practical
B)  logical-mathematical
C)  naturalist
D)  spatial

Question 4

When a test was described as measuring "problem-solving skills," African American students did just as well as white students. But when told that the same test measured "intellectual ability," African American students scored lower than white students. This example illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotypical threat
B)  stereotype threat
C)  neurotypical lift
D)  stereotype lift

Question 5

The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognition.
B)  perception.
C)  mental imagery.
D)  sensation.

Question 6

People who are depressed usually do not accept the possibility that good things can happen to them, or that they have control over good things happening to them. When good things do happen to depressed people, they dismiss, discount, or ignore them. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the overestimation effect.
B)  the belief-bias effect.
C)  the fallacy of positive instances.
D)  confirmation bias.

Question 7

The mental categories we form to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts.
B)  mental images.
C)  algorithms.
D)  heuristics.

Question 8

Tom, whose story was told in the chapter prologue, was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (now referred to as a mild form of autism spectrum disorder) . Like many people, he can become frustrated when he is "stuck" on a problem. However, unlike other people who recognize when it's time to switch to a new strategy or accept defeat and give up, Tom perseveres in trying to find the "right" solution, demonstrating _____, which are characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive rigidity and inflexible thinking.
B)  intuitive thinking and insight.
C)  creativity, displacement, and generativity.
D)  intellectual disability and a low IQ.

Question 9

A technique known as _____ is one useful strategy for problem finding.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic thinking
B)  usefulness analysis
C)  differences analysis
D)  bug listing

Question 10

When Jean-Claude came back from skiing, he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  a mental set.
B)  intuition.
C)  functional fixedness.
D)  the availability heuristic.

Question 11

A heritability estimate of about 50 percent for intelligence in the general population suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics has no bearing on IQ.
B)  the home is essential for the determination of IQ.
C)  the difference in IQ scores within a specific group of people is due to differences in their genetic makeup.
D)  heritability estimates can be used to predict improvements in IQ scores over a person's lifetime.

Question 12

In the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" what was the general conclusion, based upon the research of Lewis Terman and Melita Oden with the genius-level children who grew up to be genius-level adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  the higher a person's IQ, the more success the person would have later in life.
B)  IQ scores have virtually no relationship to personal success.
C)  although IQ is important, socioeconomic status accounts for a larger part of life success.
D)  personality factors, such as motivation, emotional maturity, willingness to work hard, and commitment to goals, as well as intelligence, seem to play a significant role in life success.

Question 13

Emily created a new sentence that neither she nor anybody else had ever heard before: "The chinless human-factors-interface-technician roamed the halls of academia looking for a lobotomized bureaucrat to interface with." This example most clearly illustrates the _____ of language.

Accepted Answer

A)  generative property
B)  symbolic nature
C)  syntactical properties
D)  displacement aspects

Question 14

Milovitch systematically mixed thousands of different combinations of chemical compounds in order to find one that would be a pollution-free refrigerator coolant. Dr. Milovitch's approach best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  trial-and-error problem solving.
B)  the use of algorithms for solving the problem.
C)  prototypical thinking.
D)  the use of heuristics for solving the problem.

Question 15

David and Alice plan to vacation in Florida. They figure out the total cost of the trip and then decide how much they will have to put aside each week in order to be able to pay for their holiday. David and Alice are using:

Accepted Answer

A)  insight.
B)  the working backward heuristic.
C)  trial-and-error planning.
D)  an algorithm.

Question 16

Wechsler's intelligence test (the WAIS)  was specifically designed to test _____ rather than _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  army recruits; navy recruits.
B)  children; adults.
C)  army recruits who could not read; army recruits who could read.
D)  adults; children.

Question 17

The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:

Accepted Answer

A)  we generalize our views to other, nonrepresentative heuristics.
B)  the representativeness algorithm does not match the representativeness heuristic.
C)  we take too much time considering all possible variations from the prototype.
D)  we fail to consider the approximate number of prototypes that actually exist.

Question 18

David Wechsler developed the _____ intelligence test.

Accepted Answer

A)  Army Alpha
B)  Stanford-Binet
C)  WAIS
D)  Army Beta

Question 19

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness.
B)  algorithmic thinking.
C)  using a heuristic.
D)  divergent thinking.

Question 20

_____ argued that some of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences were actually specialized talents.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis Terman
B)  Benjamin Whorf
C)  Robert Sternberg
D)  David Wechsler

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

The process of coming to a conclusion or making a judgment without conscious awareness of the thought processes involved is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Emily created a new sentence that neither she nor anybody else had ever heard before: "The chinless human-factors-interface-technician roamed the halls of academia looking for a lobotomized bureaucrat to interface with." This example most clearly illustrates the _____ of language.

Correct Answer
verified

The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:

Correct Answer
verified

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Correct Answer
verified

A technique known as _____ is one useful strategy for problem finding.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the textbook, which of the following cognitive abilities is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Correct Answer
verified

In the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" what was the general conclusion, based upon the research of Lewis Terman and Melita Oden with the genius-level children who grew up to be genius-level adults?

Correct Answer
verified

Wechsler's intelligence test (the WAIS) was specifically designed to test _ rather than _.

Correct Answer
verified

The mental categories we form to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics are called:

Correct Answer
verified

_____ argued that some of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences were actually specialized talents.

Correct Answer
verified

People who are depressed usually do not accept the possibility that good things can happen to them, or that they have control over good things happening to them. When good things do happen to depressed people, they dismiss, discount, or ignore them. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

When Jean-Claude came back from skiing, he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

David Wechsler developed the _____ intelligence test.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A heritability estimate of about 50 percent for intelligence in the general population suggests that:

Correct Answer
verified

Since moving to the United States, Ernesto has established a very successful consulting business that advises U.S. corporations that plan to market their products in Central and South America. Ernesto appears to excel in what Robert Sternberg would call _____ intelligence.

Correct Answer
verified

Milovitch systematically mixed thousands of different combinations of chemical compounds in order to find one that would be a pollution-free refrigerator coolant. Dr. Milovitch's approach best illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

David and Alice plan to vacation in Florida. They figure out the total cost of the trip and then decide how much they will have to put aside each week in order to be able to pay for their holiday. David and Alice are using:

Correct Answer
verified

The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

The process of coming to a conclusion or making a judgment without conscious awareness of the thought processes involved is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emily created a new sentence that neither she nor anybody else had ever heard before: "The chinless human-factors-interface-technician roamed the halls of academia looking for a lobotomized bureaucrat to interface with." This example most clearly illustrates the _____ of language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A technique known as _____ is one useful strategy for problem finding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook, which of the following cognitive abilities is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the In Focus box, "Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?" what was the general conclusion, based upon the research of Lewis Terman and Melita Oden with the genius-level children who grew up to be genius-level adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wechsler's intelligence test (the WAIS) was specifically designed to test _____ rather than _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mental categories we form to group objects, events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ argued that some of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences were actually specialized talents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who are depressed usually do not accept the possibility that good things can happen to them, or that they have control over good things happening to them. When good things do happen to depressed people, they dismiss, discount, or ignore them. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Jean-Claude came back from skiing, he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

David Wechsler developed the _____ intelligence test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A heritability estimate of about 50 percent for intelligence in the general population suggests that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since moving to the United States, Ernesto has established a very successful consulting business that advises U.S. corporations that plan to market their products in Central and South America. Ernesto appears to excel in what Robert Sternberg would call _____ intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Milovitch systematically mixed thousands of different combinations of chemical compounds in order to find one that would be a pollution-free refrigerator coolant. Dr. Milovitch's approach best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

David and Alice plan to vacation in Florida. They figure out the total cost of the trip and then decide how much they will have to put aside each week in order to be able to pay for their holiday. David and Alice are using:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Wechsler's intelligence test (the WAIS) was specifically designed to test _ rather than _.

Correct Answer
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