Exam 22: The Respiratory System

A) inspiratory reserve volume
B) vital capacity
C) reserve air
D) expiratory capacity

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A) the Bohr effect
B) the Haldane effect
C) release of hydrogen ion
D) chloride shifting

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A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Total lung capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Functional residual capacity

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A) tidal volume
B) expiratory reserve volume
C) inspiratory capacity
D) vital capacity

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A) difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure
B) pressure within the pleural cavity
C) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
D) negative pressure in the intrapleural space

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A) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
B) increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
C) decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
D) increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

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A) hyperventilation to exhale CO from the body
B) hyperbaric oxygen chamber to increase PO₂ and clear CO from the body
C) slow breathing into a paper bag
D) immediate application of bicarbonate ions to facilitate removal of CO from Hb

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A) as carbonic acid in the plasma
B) as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
C) chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin
D) chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells

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A) During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently.
B) Increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity.
C) A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.
D) During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs carries one molecule of O₂.

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A) air pressure
B) friction
C) surfactant
D) surface tension

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A) reduces brain perfusion by constricting cerebral blood vessels
B) helps retain oxygen in the blood
C) lowers blood pH levels
D) helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood

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A) More CO₂ dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
B) Its concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation.
C) CO₂ concentrations are greater in venous blood than arterial blood.
D) Its accumulation in the blood is associated with a decrease in pH.

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A) Surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension.
B) A lung that is less elastic will require less muscle action to perform adequate ventilation.
C) A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation.
D) As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required.

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A) length of the vocal folds
B) force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
C) thickness of vestibular folds
D) strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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A) muscles of inspiration
B) alveolar surface tension
C) airway opening
D) flexibility of the thoracic cage

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A) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
B) less than the pressure in the atmosphere
C) greater than the intra-alveolar pressure
D) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

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A) Alveolar duct
B) Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
C) Type I alveolar cells
D) Respiratory bronchioles
E) Type II alveolar cells

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