Question 1

The term _____ refers to genes whose encoded proteins control lipid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  genome
B)  lipidome
C)  proteome
D)  glycome

Question 2

Epigenetic changes

Accepted Answer

A)  pass from one cell generation to the next but do not alter the DNA sequence.
B)  do not pass from one cell generation to the next but do alter the DNA sequence.
C)  irreversibly alter the DNA sequence and are only passed to the next cell generation if they add an advantage.
D)  alter the RNA codon,which are amino acid assignments of the genetic code.

Question 3

A treatment for some forms of anemia is to take a drug that turns on transcription of fetal hemoglobin.This would increase the proportion of _____ globin chains.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha
B)  gamma
C)  delta
D)  epsilon

Question 4

The main limitation of a drug that treats disease by altering chromatin remodeling is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the changes would be passed on to daughter cells.
B)  it would change the number of copies of a gene that people inherit.
C)  it would change the expression of many other genes.
D)  the changes would be epigenetic.

Question 5

Pseudogenes are

Accepted Answer

A)  not transcribed.
B)  transcribed but not translated.
C)  transcribed and translated.
D)  rare in the human genome.

Question 6

Hemoglobin in the embryo consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  two epsilon chains and two zeta chains.
B)  two gamma chains and two alpha chains.
C)  two gamma chains and two beta chains.
D)  one alpha chain,one beta chain,one epsilon chain,and one gamma chain.

Question 7

About _____ percent of the human genome sequence comes from retroviruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  8
C)  12
D)  21

Question 8

Isoforms are

Accepted Answer

A)  technologies that sequence DNA at very low temperatures.
B)  different types of RNA molecules.
C)  different versions of proteins that reflect different exon combinations.
D)  the patterns of acetyls,phosphates,and methyl groups that bind to a particular gene.

Question 9

tRNA genes account for _____ percent of the human genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.001
B)  0.01
C)  0.1
D)  1

Question 10

Gene expression profiles differ from classic gene maps in that

Accepted Answer

A)  gene expression profiles depict the relative locations of genes on chromosomes,and classic gene maps show the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues.
B)  gene expression profiles depict the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues,and classic gene maps show the relative locations of genes on chromosomes.
C)  gene expression profiles measure DNA,and classic gene maps size-order the chromosomes.
D)  gene expression profiles sequence genomes,whereas classic gene maps do not actually sequence the DNA.

Question 11

Development of the pancreas in an embryo into a dual gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions begins when

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin is produced and bathes stem cells.
B)  a transcription factor stimulates progenitor cells to give rise to exocrine or endocrine cells.
C)  a globin gene duplicates and gives rise to alpha and beta globin genes.
D)  progenitor cells become stem cells.

Question 12

In chromatin remodeling,acetyl groups bind

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA.
B)  the DNA sense strand.
C)  the amino acid lysine.
D)  microRNAs.

Question 13

Transcription factors account for a greater proportion of the proteome in a fetus compared to a 20-year-old because

Accepted Answer

A)  many cells have already died in a 20-year-old.
B)  a fetus does not yet need many of its proteins.
C)  cells are actively differentiating,and many structures are forming in a fetus.
D)  an adult can carry out more activities than can a fetus.

Question 14

The most abundant type of DNA repeat sequence is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  genome.
B)  lipidome.
C)  proteome.
D)  transposon.

Question 15

The form of RNA that cuts rRNA molecules is

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNAs.
B)  pseudogenes.
C)  snoRNAs.
D)  microRNAs.

Question 16

The reason for fetal globin chain switching is that

Accepted Answer

A)  a fetus has four alpha globin chains and a newborn has four beta globin chains.
B)  a fetus's blood is clear until the sixth month and then globin chains turn it red.
C)  the newborn needs more iron than the fetus or embryo.
D)  the embryo and fetus receive different concentrations of oxygen compared to after birth.

Question 17

Chromatin remodeling can block _____ and microRNA binding can block _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription;translation
B)  translation;transcription
C)  synthesis of tRNAs;synthesis of rRNAs
D)  DNA replication;DNA repair

Question 18

Rett syndrome results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a microRNA that binds the wrong set of mRNA targets.
B)  unstable transposons.
C)  fetal hemoglobin that is reactivated in a child.
D)  abnormal methylation of a gene expressed in the brain.

Question 19

Globin chain switching replaces gamma chains with _____ chains in adult hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A)  epsilon
B)  zeta
C)  beta
D)  alpha

Question 20

A typical human cell contains

Accepted Answer

A)  one copy of each of 3.2 billion different microRNAs.
B)  one copy of each of about 20,000 different microRNAs.
C)  from 1,000 to 200,000 microRNAs.
D)  no microRNA unless the person develops cancer.

Exam 11: Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Transcription factors account for a greater proportion of the proteome in a fetus compared to a 20-year-old because

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Globin chain switching replaces gamma chains with _____ chains in adult hemoglobin.

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The main limitation of a drug that treats disease by altering chromatin remodeling is that

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tRNA genes account for _____ percent of the human genome.

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The term _____ refers to genes whose encoded proteins control lipid synthesis.

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In chromatin remodeling,acetyl groups bind

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The form of RNA that cuts rRNA molecules is

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Gene expression profiles differ from classic gene maps in that

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Pseudogenes are

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About _____ percent of the human genome sequence comes from retroviruses.

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Isoforms are

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Chromatin remodeling can block _____ and microRNA binding can block _____.

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Epigenetic changes

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The reason for fetal globin chain switching is that

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A treatment for some forms of anemia is to take a drug that turns on transcription of fetal hemoglobin.This would increase the proportion of _____ globin chains.

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Rett syndrome results from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Development of the pancreas in an embryo into a dual gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions begins when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hemoglobin in the embryo consists of

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The most abundant type of DNA repeat sequence is called a

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A typical human cell contains

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Chromatin remodeling can block _ and microRNA binding can block _.

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