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If an individual knows a field too well,it can stifle creativity.

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The president of Mountain Home University has been asked by her board of trustees to set up a separate unit to facilitate the commercialization of technology developed by the research students at the university.Such a unit is typically called a _____.


A) strategic business unit
B) commercialization office
C) technology transfer office
D) science park

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The benefits firms reap by locating in close geographical proximity to each other are known collectively as _____ economies.


A) agglomeration
B) closed
C) virtual
D) shadow

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for the science-push approach to research and development?


A) Customers express an unmet need, R&D develops the product to meet that need, the product is manufactured, and finally the marketing team promotes the product.
B) Scientific discovery leads to an invention, the engineering team designs the product, it is manufactured, and finally the marketing team promotes it.
C) Marketing discovers a need, R&D comes up with the product concept which is refined by engineering, the manufacturing team produces it, and finally the product is sold.
D) Manufacturing sees a way to improve a product, the engineering team redesigns it, and finally the marketing team creates awareness about the improved product.

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An individual with only a moderate degree of knowledge of a field will be able to produce more creative solutions than an individual with extensive knowledge of the field.

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Which of the following is an example of user innovation?


A) Samuel has invented a detachable bicycle in order to make profits by selling it to a reputed bicycle manufacturing firm.
B) Sandra, an engineer, has developed a device that helps track the location of her teenage daughter's car.
C) Jessica, an ace designer for a clothing brand, has been asked to work on a dyeing technique that changes fabric color according to the room temperature.
D) Ivan, a scientist at a reputed pharmaceutical company, has developed an anti-inflammatory drug for the company to commercialize.

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The science-push approach to research and development argued that innovation was driven by the perceived demand of potential users.

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Collaborative research is prohibited in high-technology sectors.

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When companies form a technology cluster it often results in:


A) the loss of agglomeration economies.
B) new firms being discouraged to start up in the immediate vicinity.
C) reduced interaction and trust between them.
D) reduced pricing power in their relationships with buyers and suppliers.

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Which of the following is true of interfirm collaborative research and development networks?


A) Collaborative research networks are not important and viable in high-technology sectors.
B) Interfirm networks enable firms to achieve much more than they can achieve individually.
C) The flow of information and other resources through a network is independent of the network's size.
D) Information diffusion is fairly slow and limited in collaborative research networks with dense structures.

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