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Exam 2: Sources of Innovation

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Question 21

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Which of the following is characteristic of successful inventors?

A) They specialize solely in a single field rather than several fields simultaneously.
B) They are curious and more interested in solutions than problems.
C) They blindly accept the assumptions made in previous work in the field.
D) They seek global solutions rather than local solutions.

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Question 22

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An organization's overall creativity level is a simple aggregate of the creativity of the individuals it employs.

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Question 23

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The demand-pull approach to research and development refers to:

_____ is the ability of an organization to recognize,assimilate,and utilize new knowledge.

_____ approach to research and development assumed that innovation proceeded linearly from scientific discovery,to invention,to engineering,then manufacturing activities,and finally marketing.

Innovation often originates with those who create solutions for their own needs.

At a retreat by the Salisbury City Council,community leaders held a discussion on attracting and developing new businesses and increasing employment rates in the city.One leader suggested that the city should consider sponsoring a business incubator.Explain what an incubator is and how this might help the city meet its goals.

Tacit knowledge is knowledge that can be documented in written form.

The decline in the government share of spending on R&D is largely due to the rapid increase in industry R&D funding rather than a real decline in the absolute amount spent.

Breaking Ventures Inc.realized that most parents are worried about their teenage children going out on their own.Based on this information,the company developed a device that could be fixed into the concerned person's cell phone,and this device helped parents keep track of their children's location.This approach to research and development is referred to as _____.

Firms form alliances with competitors to jointly work on an innovation project or to exchange information.

Inventors tendency toward introversion cause them to be good at manipulating concepts.

The qualities that make people inventive also make them entrepreneurial.

Knowledge that is explicit requires more frequent and close interaction to be meaningfully exchanged than knowledge that is tacit.

In 2001,Shanghai's Municipal Government set aside 13 square kilometers of land near the Huangpu River for university laboratories and start-up firms in microelectronics,digital technology,and life sciences.The project aimed to foster research in microelectronics,the development of a technologically-advanced labor pool,and the creation of new industries in Shanghai.This project would be best termed as a(n) _____.

The terms research and development represent different kinds of investment in innovation-related activities.

A variety of rice created by Biocrop Inc.,through recombinant DNA technology,was found to be rich in both carbohydrates and proteins.After the success of this rice variety,the particular technology was implemented by less-developed countries to increase the nutrient level of fruits,pulses,and greens in order to feed their malnourished children.This is an example of _____.

Regional districts that are set up by the government to foster R&D collaboration between government,universities,and private firms are typically called _____.

Monetary rewards undermine creativity by encouraging employees to focus on extrinsic rather than intrinsic motivation.

Explain the concept of technology spillovers.