Exam 15: What Is Freedom: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

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The permanent distribution of land to fo...

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A) restrictions placed on freed blacks in the South
B) scandal in the Grant administration
C) origin of "forty acres and a mule"
D) northern-born Republicans in the South during Reconstruction
E) ended Reconstruction
F) government agency that helped blacks in the South
G) black school in Washington, D.c.
H) public official charged with wrongdoing
I) southern-born white Republican
J) targeted the Ku Klux Klan
K) Democrats who took control in the South during the 1870s
L) terrorist organization

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A) York County, South Carolina,
B) Marietta, Georgia,
C) Lynchburg, Virginia,
D) Colfax, Louisiana,
E) Guilford County, North Carolina,

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A) most rights of citizens were under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.
B) states could not interfere with vigorous federal enforcement of a broad array of civil rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) the federal government had sole authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate the meatpacking industry.
D) voting rights of African-Americans under the Fifteenth Amendment could not be abridged or denied by any state.
E) Reconstruction had progressed too far and was now officially ended.

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A) Rutherford Hayes did poorly in the western states.
B) The Republican Party did a good job protecting the voting rights of African-Americans in Mississippi.
C) A majority of northerners wanted to enforce Reconstruction policies more stringently.
D) The Republican Party had increased its support in the South.
E) If Tilden had won just one of the electoral votes from Louisiana, Florida, or South Carolina, he would have been elected president.

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A) railroad building.
B) jobs.
C) land ownership.
D) voting.
E) jury duty.

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A) Presidential pardons for white southerners.
B) Building railroads in the South.
C) The individual rights of African-Americans.
D) Creating a biracial government.
E) Limiting immigration.

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A) simply continued Lincoln's Reconstruction policies.
B) agreed with Lincoln that some African-Americans should be allowed suffrage rights.
C) won the Democratic presidential nomination in 1868 but narrowly lost the election.
D) lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion.
E) displayed a great ability to compromise, very much like Lincoln.

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A) The presidents who immediately followed Lincoln became even more powerful and active than he had been during the Civil War.
B) The state governments became the only entity that could award citizenship.
C) It set the stage for the federal government to be the protector of individual freedoms.
D) The Supreme Court's role would be diminished.
E) The states gained protection from an overbearing national government.

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A) It remade the South economically.
B) Equal rights for African-Americans continued to increase after 1877.
C) With three different government plans, it was one of the most complex time periods in American history.
D) It was a total failure and left no blueprint for the future.
E) The United States had become a declining world power in regard to trade.

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A) all endorsed the Fifteenth Amendment even though it did not guarantee female suffrage.
B) all opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because it did not guarantee female suffrage.
C) found themselves divided over whether to support the Fifteenth Amendment.
D) strongly supported the Fifteenth Amendment because it did guarantee female suffrage.
E) refused to take a position on the Fifteenth Amendment because it did not define citizenship.

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A) Sensing the continued hatred of whites toward them, most blacks wished to move back to Africa.
B) Most blacks stayed with their old masters because they were not familiar with any other opportunities.
C) Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.
D) Desiring better wages, most blacks moved to the northern cities to seek factory work.
E) Most blacks were content working for wages and not owning their own land because they believed they had not earned the right to just receive land from the government.

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A) was the first time the Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as establishing gender equality.
B) was a severe blow to the idea of "separate spheres" for men and women.
C) resulted the following year in congressional passage of the groundbreaking Legal Practice Act.
D) demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.
E) was praised by Bradwell, who went on to become the first woman on the Illinois Supreme Court.

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A) He was satisfied that slavery had ended and was ready to take a break.
B) He worked tirelessly to prevent slavery from being reinstituted.
C) He encouraged African-Americans to leave the South and go to Canada.
D) He saw the government land policies as sufficient.
E) Douglass wanted to ensure that the ideals of the Declaration of Independence became a reality for black men, too.

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A) Republicans.
B) Carpetbaggers.
C) Redeemers.
D) Scalawags.
E) Ulysses Grant.

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