Question 1

Provide examples of the availability heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is a mental s...

Question 2

After 9/11,many people abandoned air travel because of the

Accepted Answer

A)   availability heuristic.
B)   representativeness heuristic.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   planning fallacy.

Question 3

The "Kulechov effect" (named after a Russian film director) is another illustration of

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of belief perseverance.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   false memories.
D)   how our preconceptions determine our subsequent perceptions of emotion.

Question 4

What is illusory thinking and what are its effects?

Accepted Answer

Illusory thinking refers to the cognitiv...

Question 5

found that among married couples,the self-fulfilling prophecy occurred when one person interpreted slight hurts as rejections.The person who felt rejected was then motivated to

Accepted Answer

A)   value their partner for his or her honesty.
B)   value their partner yet become distant from him or her.
C)   devalue their partner but make an effort to become close to him or her.
D)   devalue their partner and become distant from him or her.

Question 6

Although you once earned a 100 on your physics exam,you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again.Your experience may be understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   the illusory correlation.
B)   regression toward the average.
C)   the representativeness heuristic.
D)   counterfactual thinking.

Question 7

The cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory is called the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)   availability
B)   representativeness
C)   vividness
D)   matching A

Question 8

According to your text,people everywhere perceive mediators and media as

Accepted Answer

A)   biased in favor of their position.
B)   objective in their decisions and coverage.
C)   biased against their position.
D)   biased against the President. C

Question 9

Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents

Accepted Answer

A)   a representative heuristic.
B)   an availability heuristic.
C)   an illusory correlation.
D)   the overconfidence phenomenon.

Question 10

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral confirmation can take place i...

Question 11

found that randomly selected elementary school students experienced a spurt in IQ score largely as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   increased parental involvement and support.
B)   their teachers' elevated expectations.
C)   intensified academic training.
D)   educational strategies that raised their self-esteem.

Question 12

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm those expectations,_______ is at work.

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlation
B)   counterfactual thinking
C)   behavioral confirmation
D)   illusion of control

Question 13

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called

Accepted Answer

A)   a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)   a belief confirmation.
C)   self-confirming validity.
D)   behavioral perseverance.

Question 14

Research on gambling has found that throwing the dice or spinning the wheel increases people's confidence.This illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlation.
B)   illusion of control.
C)   representative heuristic.
D)   availability heuristic.

Question 15

The perception of a relationship where none actually exists,or the perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists,is called

Accepted Answer

A)   a representative heuristic.
B)   an availability heuristic.
C)   an illusory correlation.
D)   the overconfidence phenomenon. C

Question 16

Researchers investigated the reduction of littering in three classrooms.Which class still showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended?

Accepted Answer

A)   the class that was told that they should be neat and tidy
B)   the class reprimanded repeatedly for littering
C)   the class congratulated for being neat and tidy
D)   the class whose littering was ignored

Question 17

Expectations can often predict behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)   the expectations are accurate.
B)   the expectations are a coincidence.
C)   behavior is easily predicted.
D)   we are overconfident.

Question 18

The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes

Accepted Answer

A)   an illusory correlation.
B)   the illusion of control.
C)   a representative heuristic.
D)   an availability heuristic.

Question 19

You attend a party where you do not know anyone,but expect that people will be friendly.You behave in a warm and sociable manner.Your behavior,in turn,leads to other people being friendly to you.This situation can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   the illusory correlation.
B)   the representativeness heuristic.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   behavioral confirmation.

Question 20

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on a commercial flight covering the same distance,people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

Accepted Answer

A)   availability heuristic
B)   representativeness heuristic
C)   vividness heuristic
D)   matching heuristic

Exam 8: Reasons for Unreason

Provide examples of the availability heuristic.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe availability heuristic is a mental s...View AnswerShow Answer

After 9/11,many people abandoned air travel because of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "Kulechov effect" (named after a Russian film director) is another illustration of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is illusory thinking and what are its effects?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIllusory thinking refers to the cognitiv...View AnswerShow Answer

found that among married couples,the self-fulfilling prophecy occurred when one person interpreted slight hurts as rejections.The person who felt rejected was then motivated to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although you once earned a 100 on your physics exam,you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again.Your experience may be understood in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory is called the _____ heuristic.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to your text,people everywhere perceive mediators and media as

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIBehavioral confirmation can take place i...View AnswerShow Answer

found that randomly selected elementary school students experienced a spurt in IQ score largely as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm those expectations,_______ is at work.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on gambling has found that throwing the dice or spinning the wheel increases people's confidence.This illustrates the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The perception of a relationship where none actually exists,or the perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists,is called

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Researchers investigated the reduction of littering in three classrooms.Which class still showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expectations can often predict behavior because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You attend a party where you do not know anyone,but expect that people will be friendly.You behave in a warm and sociable manner.Your behavior,in turn,leads to other people being friendly to you.This situation can best be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on a commercial flight covering the same distance,people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The availability heuristic is a mental s...
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Illusory thinking refers to the cognitiv...
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A

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C

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C

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