Question 1

Which of the following is a reason why bioconversions are replacing chemical synthesis of certain compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bioconversions facilitate the scaling up of reactions.
B)  Enzymes catalysts are not destroyed in the bioconversion process.
C)  Bioconversions yield specific and biologically active stereoisomers.
D)  Enzyme catalyzed reactions in the bioconversion process proceed much more rapidly.

Question 2

The first penicillin-producing fungus that could be grown in stirred fermenters was _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillium notatum
B)  Aspergillus niger
C)  Penicillium chrysogenum
D)  Pisolithus tinctorius

Question 3

Primary metabolites

Accepted Answer

A)  include compounds such as antibiotics and mycotoxins.
B)  include bacteriocins and other similar cytotoxic compounds.
C)  are compounds needed for the synthesis of microbial cells in the primary growth phase.
D)  are compounds that accumulate during the period after primary growth phase and have no direct relationship to the synthesis of cell materials.

Question 4

Microbially produced glycolipid surfactants are used for

Accepted Answer

A)  emulsification and increasing detergency,which aids in biodegradability.
B)  solubilization of hydrophobic compounds,which enhances cleanup and recovery of oil from spills.
C)  prevention or reduction of microbial growth on surfaces,decreasing transmission of disease.
D)  both emulsification and increasing detergency and solubilization of hydrophobic compounds.
E)  both emulsification and increasing detergency and prevention or reduction of microbial growth on surfaces.

Question 5

In the process of protoplast fusion,cells are grown in a medium that contains

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ligases.
B)  lysozyme for bacteria.
C)  chitinase for yeast.
D)  RNAses.
E)  either lysozyme or chitinase,depending on the type of cells.

Question 6

Which directed evolution technology takes advantage of an error-prone DNA polymerase during the process of copying the genome over and over?

Accepted Answer

A)  Error-prone PCR
B)  DNA shuffling
C)  Whole genome shuffling
D)  Metabolic pathway engineering

Question 7

What is bioprospecting?

Accepted Answer

A)  A search for unknown organisms that may become serious pathogens to humans.
B)  A search for unknown organisms that may become serious pathogens to farm animals.
C)  An exploration of nature in the search for potentially useful organisms or their products.
D)  Use of microorganisms to locate and extract valuable minerals from deep underground.

Question 8

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using corn to manufacture ethanol as a fuel additive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of corn as a fuel source drives up the cost of grain worldwide.
B)  Ethanol absorbs water and would thus corrode fuel pipelines used in transport.
C)  Ethanol contains far less energy than other fuels.
D)  All of these are disadvantages.

Question 9

To industrial microbiologists,fermentation means the mass culture of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Corynebacterium glutamicum is used to produce glutamic acid,and this is most successful when the cell permeability is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased
B)  decreased
C)  not changed
D)  isotonic

Question 11

Biosensors can be used to measure the concentration of substances in many different environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Use of microbial enzymes for bioconversion reactions is preferred because alternative chemical synthesis requires harsh manufacturing conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Bt to control insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bt does not accumulate in the soil or in nontarget animals.
B)  Bt is easily degraded in the natural environment.
C)  The toxin can only be activated in target insects so it is nontoxic to mammals.
D)  Though not well documented it is possible for horizontal gene flow to introduce Bt genes into other plants.

Question 14

Molecules produced by a cell that are not directly related to the synthesis of cell materials and that are usually produced after the growth phase has ended are called __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

secondary ...

Question 15

A major advantage of protoplast fusion is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the microbes are rendered harmless by the process.
B)  protoplasts of different microbial species can be fused.
C)  the protoplast condition can easily be maintained indefinitely.
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

Although a small fraction of the citric acid used in the food and beverage industry is produced by microbial fermentation,most industrially used citric acid is derived directly from citrus fruit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which fuel contains more potential energy per unit weight than gasoline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethanol derived from corn
B)  Ethanol derived from algae
C)  Hydrogen
D)  None of these contain more energy per weight unit than gasoline.

Question 18

Which is the key component in the process of successfully going from small-scale fermentation to large-scale industrial fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scale-up process is paramount.
B)  Developing a suitable culture media.
C)  Success in producing one liter of product.
D)  Finding the right organism to repeatedly produce one liter of product.

Question 19

Most biopolymers industrially produced by means of microorganisms are _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall constituents
B)  nucleic acids
C)  histones
D)  polysaccharides

Question 20

Phenylacetic acid is added to the penicillin fermentation to allow incorporation of which side chain group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetyl
B)  Benzyl
C)  Methyl
D)  Propyl

Exam 42: Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

A major advantage of protoplast fusion is the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of protoplast fusion,cells are grown in a medium that contains

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using corn to manufacture ethanol as a fuel additive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a reason why bioconversions are replacing chemical synthesis of certain compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most biopolymers industrially produced by means of microorganisms are _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecules produced by a cell that are not directly related to the synthesis of cell materials and that are usually produced after the growth phase has ended are called __________ __________.

Correct Answerverifiedsecondary ...View AnswerShow Answer

Corynebacterium glutamicum is used to produce glutamic acid,and this is most successful when the cell permeability is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is bioprospecting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first penicillin-producing fungus that could be grown in stirred fermenters was _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microbially produced glycolipid surfactants are used for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Bt to control insects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although a small fraction of the citric acid used in the food and beverage industry is produced by microbial fermentation,most industrially used citric acid is derived directly from citrus fruit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phenylacetic acid is added to the penicillin fermentation to allow incorporation of which side chain group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which directed evolution technology takes advantage of an error-prone DNA polymerase during the process of copying the genome over and over?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To industrial microbiologists,fermentation means the mass culture of microorganisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary metabolites

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which fuel contains more potential energy per unit weight than gasoline?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biosensors can be used to measure the concentration of substances in many different environments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use of microbial enzymes for bioconversion reactions is preferred because alternative chemical synthesis requires harsh manufacturing conditions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the key component in the process of successfully going from small-scale fermentation to large-scale industrial fermentation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Molecules produced by a cell that are not directly related to the synthesis of cell materials and that are usually produced after the growth phase has ended are called .

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secondary ...
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