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Project costs, like project schedules, grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project, like the _____.

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A cost management plan can include organizational procedures links, control thresholds, and process descriptions.

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The _____ theory states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced.

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It is important for project managers to understand that every cost estimate is unique.

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Accountants define _____ as a resource sacrificed or foregone to to achieve a specific objective.

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_____ involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance.


A) Determining the budget
B) Finalising policies for project costs  
C) Controlling costs
D) Estimating costs

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Which of the following is true of a rough order of magnitude estimate?


A) It is used to allocate money into an organization's budget. 
B) It provides an estimate of what a project will cost. 
C) Its timeframe is always less than a year prior to project completion. 
D) It is a type of estimate that is done in the final stages of a project.

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________ are a means of measuring software size based on what the software does for end users.

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The total direct and indirect costs incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given period is known as the _____.

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A cost estimation tool which is used to allocate money into an organization's budget is known as a _____ estimate.


A) budgetary
B) definitive  
C) rough order of magnitude
D) ballpark

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Determining the budget involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time.

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Which of the following is true of the schedule performance index (SPI) ?


A) It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project. 
B) It means that a project is behind schedule if an SPI is greater than one. 
C) It means that a project is ahead of schedule if SPI is lesser than one or hundred percent. 
D) It is the ratio of planned value to actual costs.

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The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.

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A rough order of magnitude estimate can be referred to as a _____ estimate.


A) definitive
B) budgetary  
C) final
D) ballpark

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Indirect costs are:


A) directly related to performing the project. 
B) those that cannot be allocated to projects. 
C) those that can be easily controlled by managers. 
D) not directly related to the products or services of a project.

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Which of the following is true of analogous estimates?


A) Their main disadvantage is that they cost more than other techniques. 
B) They are the only technique which do not require expert judgement. 
C) They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects. 
D) They use project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.

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A(n)_____ is the original project plan plus approved changes.

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Which of the following reserves allows for future situations that are unpredictable?


A) Contingency reserves
B) Management reserves  
C) Known unknowns
D) Cost baseline reserves

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In practice, many people find that using a combination or hybrid approach involving analogous, bottom up, and/or parametric modeling provides the best _____.

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The cost performance index can be used to calculate the _____ which gives an approximate cost of completing a project based on performance to date.

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estimate a...

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