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Which organism would likely harbor the MOST two-component regulatory systems?


A) an archaeon living in an extreme environment
B) a bacterium occupying a heterogeneous niche will high nutrient mixing
C) an organism capable of quorum sensing
D) a parasitic bacterium living inside another organism

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Explain why one cell of a pathogenic bacterium by itself typically does not secrete a toxin,despite the species as a whole being characterized as toxin producing.To help in your explanation,predict what would happen to an individual pathogen that secreted a toxin inside a human.

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One pathogenic bacterium is unlikely to ...

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The actual residues in a DNA-binding protein that interacts with DNA usually correspond to each other according to the amino acids encoded by the DNA.For example,a DNA sequencing containing AGC-AGA-CAG which encodes for Ser-Arg-Gln would likely have a DNA-binding protein with Ser-Arg-Gln bind to it.

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Explain the translational attenuation mechanism.

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Attenuation is a mechanism that controls...

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Explain why cellular cannibalism is beneficial for sporulating Bacillus subtilis.

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A cell that undergoes sporulation in res...

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Describe the function and the functional components of the maltose regulon system.

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The textbook shows each component of the...

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Explain the sequence of events that would follow the transfer of an organism from a complex medium to a minimal medium.

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Answers will vary but should include the...

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A regulon always includes at least two operons.

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Studying the transcriptional activity of flagellar genes would not likely reveal differential changes when the cells are actively motile compared to nonmotile activity,because a two-component regulatory system is sufficient to control flagellar activity.

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Multiple sigma factors are essential to induce the biosynthesis of endospores,all of which are encoded by genes,so a complex regulatory mechanism such as this likely has a higher chance of mutations leading to incorrect functioning compared to a simple repression mechanism.

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Considering the catabolite repression mechanism,which observation would make you suspect it is NOT occurring?


A) CRP bound to promoter sites
B) elevated levels of transcripts for maltose and sucrose catabolism
C) relatively low intracellular cyclic AMP levels
D) RNA polymerase bound to biosynthetic promoter sequences

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