Exam 16: Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies

A) Max Weber
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Peter Berger
D) None of these people was critical of modern society.

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Emile Durkheim's point in saying that modern society is characterized by "organic solidarity" is that in modern industrialized societies, individuals are interdependent and connected through a complex division of labor. Unlike traditional societies, where social cohesion is based on similarities and shared values, modern society is held together by the interdependence of its members. This interdependence creates a sense of solidarity based on the functional integration of different individuals and groups within society. Durkheim believed that in modern society, individuals are no longer bound together by a collective conscience or shared beliefs, but rather by their reliance on one another to fulfill their specialized roles and functions. This creates a form of social cohesion that he termed "organic solidarity," where individuals are connected through their mutual dependence on each other's skills, labor, and contributions to the functioning of society as a whole. In essence, Durkheim's concept of organic solidarity highlights the complex and interconnected nature of modern society, where individuals are united not by shared values or beliefs, but by their reliance on each other within a highly specialized and interdependent social structure. This perspective emphasizes the importance of cooperation, interdependence, and the division of labor in maintaining social order and cohesion in modern industrialized societies.

A) some societies change and others do not.
B) social change happens all the time.
C) all social change is good.
D) All of these are correct.

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B

A) live in small communities.
B) have a strong sense of cultural heritage.
C) are very sure about what is right and wrong.
D) All of these responses are correct.

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A) always positive.
B) always negative.
C) usually both positive and negative.
D) easy to assess.

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A) progress
B) inequality
C) tradition
D) celebrating the past

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A) capitalism
B) specialization
C) self-interest
D) rationalization

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D

A) actually came to us from other cultures.
B) are unique to our own society.
C) were unknown even a few decades ago.
D) were discovered completely by accident.

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A) Florida
B) the Southwest
C) the West Coast
D) the Great Plains

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A) a rise of anomie.
B) increasing personal choice.
C) increasing productive specialization.
D) increasing personal privacy.

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A) controversial.
B) planned.
C) good for everyone in a society.
D) All of these responses are correct.

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A) discovery of existing things
B) diffusion from one cultural system to another
C) invention of new ideas and things
D) All of these responses are correct.

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A) controversial.
B) planned.
C) good for everyone in a society.
D) All of these responses are correct.

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Postmodernity refers to the cultural, in...

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A) the decline of large cities
B) the expansion of personal choice
C) increasing social diversity
D) a future orientation and growing awareness of time

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The four key characteristics of the proc...

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A) personal choice.
B) tradition.
C) productive specialization.
D) rationality.

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