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Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success.

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Claire is a manager at an information technology (IT) firm. She notices a consistent drop in the productivity of her employees. She is not able to find the reason behind this drop. In the context of rational decision making, which of the following steps should Claire take first?


A) Computing the optimal decision
B) Defining the problem
C) Generating alternative courses of action
D) Identifying decision criteria

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Sarah, the cofounder of a start-up company that sells sports goods, prepares a purpose statement for the company. In the purpose statement, she clarifies how the company will deal with its competitors and provide services to its customers. In this scenario, Sarah has most likely contributed to developing the company's _____.


A) strategic plan
B) single-use plan
C) tactical plan
D) operational plan

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Gilbert, the CEO of a theme park, plans to have branches of the theme park in 20 countries in 10 years' time. To achieve this goal, he plans to set up branches in at least two countries by the end of each year. In this scenario, Gilbert's plan to have branches of the theme park in 20 countries in 10 years' time is an example of a _____.


A) provisional goal
B) distal goal
C) proximal goal
D) foundational goal

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In the context of using groups to improve decision making, unlike a-type conflicts, c-type conflicts:


A) disqualify the use of critics.
B) often result in anger and resentment.
C) can be created by using the devil's advocacy approach.
D) involve the use of statements that focus on individuals.

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Cassie runs a cake shop. Her primary goal is to set up the largest chain of cake shops in the city. Apart from this goal, another goal of Cassie's is to sell 400 cakes in December. In this scenario, Cassie's goal of selling 400 cakes in December is an example of a _____.


A) capstone goal
B) passive goal
C) distal goal
D) proximal goal

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In the context of using groups to improve decision making, which of the following is true of the nominal group technique (NGT) ?


A) It forces decision makers to state the assumptions of a proposed solution and then generate a solution that is the opposite of the proposed solution.
B) It closes with a second quiet time in which group members independently rank the ideas presented.
C) It involves a panel of experts who respond to questions and to each other until they reach agreement on an issue.
D) It is known to conclude in hostility, anger, and resentment among the participating group members.

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In the context of operational plans, which of the following is a difference between policies and procedures?


A) Policies are single-use plans, whereas procedures are standing plans.
B) Policies are plans that cover one-time-only events, whereas procedures are plans that can be used for recurring events.
C) Policies indicate the general course of action that managers should take in response to a particular event, whereas procedures indicate the specific steps that managers should take in response to a particular event.
D) Policies are strategic plans that are developed and carried out by the lower-level managers of a company, whereas procedures are tactical plans that are developed and carried out by the middle management of a company.

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A laptop manufacturer has created a set of methods to deal with specific technical issues raised by customers. In this scenario, this set of methods represents a _____.


A) tactical plan
B) visionary plan
C) single-use plan
D) standing plan

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The senior lawyers of Lawteve, a law firm, have differences of opinion about the leave policies that the firm follows. This is because of the differences in their individual history and experiences in the industry. Each of them is willing to have a discussion and arrive at the optimal solution. In this scenario, the conflict among the senior lawyers at Lawteve best exemplifies _____.


A) a-type conflict
B) affective conflict
C) c-type conflict
D) channel conflict

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Which of the following statements is true of electronic brainstorming?


A) One of the disadvantages of electronic brainstorming over face-to-face brainstorming is production blocking.
B) A disadvantage of electronic brainstorming is evaluation apprehension.
C) It does not allow ideas that are shared to remain anonymous.
D) Studies show that electronic brainstorming is much more productive than face-to-face brainstorming.

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Autowizic Inc., an automobile manufacturing company, plans to move its operations to a different city by the end of the year. It sets a target of moving one department by the end of each month, so that all the departments can be moved within a year. In this scenario, Autowizic's plan of moving its operations to a different city by the end of the year is an example of a _____.


A) provisional goal
B) foundational goal
C) proximal goal
D) distal goal

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During the annual performance appraisal, Andre's supervisor sets her own standards against which Andre is rated for his performance. In this scenario, Andre's supervisor most likely uses _____ to make a rational decision.


A) absolute comparisons
B) relative comparisons
C) dissonant correlation
D) illusory correlation

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Tyler, the site engineer at a construction company, has identified and defined the problem of frequent accidents during the construction of high-rise buildings. In the context of rational decision making, which of the following is the next step that Tyler should ideally take?


A) Computing the optimal decision
B) Making absolute comparisons
C) Generating alternative courses of action
D) Identifying decision criteria

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Treptron Inc., a software company, has a standing plan that details the specific set of steps to be undertaken when an employee delivers consistently poor performance during his or her probation period. Given this information, the standing plan in this scenario can be referred to as a(n) _____.


A) artifact
B) prototype
C) procedure
D) heuristic

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