A) acts of Congress.
B) federalism.
C) regulatory rulings.
D) court rulings.
E) the will of the people.
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A) administrative, legislative, and judicial functions.
B) legislative and executive functions, but no judicial functions.
C) adjudicative and law enforcement functions.
D) multilateral, law enforcement, and executive functions.
E) All these answers are correct.
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The five major types of organizations within the federal bureaucracy are the cabinet department,independent agency,regulatory agency,government corporation,and presidential commission.Examples of cabinet departments are the Department of Defense,Department of State,and Department of Treasury.The CIA and NASA are examples of independent agencies.Regulatory agencies include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).The Postal Service and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)are government corporations.Presidential commissions include the Commission on Civil Rights and the Commission on Fine Arts.
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A) the Brownlow Commission
B) the National Performance Review
C) the Hoover Commission
D) the Volcker Commission
E) None of these answers is correct.
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A) preserving forests for recreation, and protecting endangered species
B) preserving forests in response to environmental concerns, and coordinating with the National Park Service for creating park lands
C) serving both the interests of lumber sellers and mining interests
D) opening up forests both for logging and in response to energy concerns
E) preserving forests for environmental reasons, and opening them up for logging
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A) be fired from their jobs.
B) go on strike.
C) belong to a union.
D) be restricted in their election activities.
E) contribute to political campaigns.
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A) State.
B) Defense.
C) Labor.
D) Health and Human Services.
E) Education.
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B
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A) all agencies within cabinet departments.
B) all independent agencies.
C) respectively, an independent agency, an agency within a cabinet department, and a regulatory agency.
D) two cabinet departments and a regulatory agency.
E) respectively, an agency within a cabinet department, an independent agency, and a regulatory agency.
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A) Federal employees are prohibited from forming labor unions.
B) Federal employees can form labor unions, but their unions by law have limited authority.
C) There are no restrictions on the creation and powers of labor unions by federal employees.
D) Among federal employees, only members of federal corporations can legally form labor unions.
E) Federal employees can form labor unions but are not allowed to participate in collective bargaining.
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A) choose rules that save money.
B) can apply a reasonable interpretation of a statute.
C) follow what the president demands of them.
D) have adequate funding.
E) don't come into conflict with state governments.
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A) Because the federal government has reduced efforts to specifically promote women and minorities, the proportion of white males that hold top administration positions has increased in recent years.
B) If all employees are taken into account, the federal bureaucracy comes reasonably close to being representative of the nation's population.
C) Women and minorities are better represented in Congress and the judiciary than they are among the top ranks of administrators.
D) The concept of a demographically representative civil service was first endorsed by President Reagan in 1984.
E) There has been much more improvement in the representation of minorities in the civil service than in the representation of women.
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A) rulemaking, or deciding how a law will operate in practice.
B) judicial interpretation, or mandating the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of a new statute.
C) hiring and firing government personnel in the name of efficiency and effectiveness.
D) testifying before Congress on the merits or demerits of a proposed regulation or law.
E) None of these answers is correct.
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A) becomes far less effective as it grows over time.
B) is much less accountable than the bureaucracies of European democracies.
C) compares favorably in performance to government bureaucracies elsewhere.
D) is one of the least representative of minorities compared to others worldwide.
E) falls far short of the effectiveness of most foreign bureaucracies.
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A) generalists; specialists
B) generalists; generalists
C) specialists; generalists
D) specialists; specialists
E) popular; unpopular
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A) natural sciences and engineering.
B) law.
C) social sciences and the humanities.
D) business management.
E) journalism.
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A) It is reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
B) It has reached its final approval and is implemented.
C) It is sent to the president to sign or veto.
D) It is given to the president for any further executive changes to be added.
E) It is referred to the House and Senate appropriations committees for implementation.
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A) It has acquired wide judicial and adjudication powers to deal with inter-agency disputes.
B) It has changed from a presidential-executive support agency to largely a congressional support agency.
C) It has been given broader powers over time to actually grant additional funds or take away funds directly from agencies.
D) It has had its broad powers limited from general oversight down to keeping track of agency spending.
E) It has moved from a limited role of keeping track of agency spending to also monitoring whether the agency is implementing policies in the way Congress intended.
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A) It has a more narrow area of responsibility than that of cabinet departments.
B) Its head is appointed by an independent commission.
C) It is divided into a number of smaller operating units.
D) It exists independently of cabinet departments.
E) Its head is appointed by the president.
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A) the Department of Defense
B) the Central Intelligence Agency
C) the Environmental Protection Agency
D) the Department of Agriculture
E) the Federal Trade Commission
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D
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A) The president
B) Members of the Senate
C) Career bureaucrats in the Department of Commerce and the Federal Trade Commission
D) Members of the House
E) Federal mediators
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