Question 1

A +.55 correlation between a measure of maternal language stimulation and the size of children's vocabularies at age 2 suggests a

Accepted Answer

A)   moderate negative correlation.
B)   causal relationship.
C)   moderate positive correlation.
D)   high correlation.

Question 2

In a(n) __________ design,researchers look at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development.

Accepted Answer

A)   observational
B)   correlational
C)   experimental
D)   variable

Question 3

In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs,the neutral stimulus was

Accepted Answer

A)   the food.
B)   salivation.
C)   the bell.
D)   the trainer.

Question 4

A major limitation of ethnography is that

Accepted Answer

A)   it may not reveal observations typical of the participants' everyday behavior.
B)   it does not reveal depth of information.
C)   the findings cannot be applied to individuals and settings other than the ones studied.
D)   the findings provide little insight into factors that affect development.

Question 5

__________ explains why some children growing up in difficult circumstances thrive,while others are less successful.

Accepted Answer

A)   Assimilation
B)   Plasticity
C)   Resilience
D)   Stamina C

Question 6

Information-processing researchers

Accepted Answer

A)   often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks.
B)   focus on directly observable events.
C)   believe that children gradually become more selective in what they imitate.
D)   believe that children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world. A

Question 7

__________ is concerned with the adaptive,or survival,value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

A)   Ethology
B)   Developmental cognitive theory
C)   Sociocultural theory
D)   Ecological systems theory

Question 8

Piaget convinced the field that children are

Accepted Answer

A)   blank slates.
B)   like flowers because their maturation unfolds automatically.
C)   active learners.
D)   cognitively mature in early adolescence.

Question 9

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

Accepted Answer

A)   microsystem.
B)   mesosystem.
C)   macrosystem.
D)   chronosystem.

Question 10

Freud's psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)   was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development.
B)   was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development.
C)   applied in all cultures.
D)   ignored personality development.

Question 11

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational; experimental
B)   variable; observational
C)   observational; correlational
D)   observational; experimental

Question 12

Following an experiment,a researcher plans to post children's names and intelligence test scores on the door of their classroom.This violates which of the following research rights?

Accepted Answer

A)   privacy
B)   informed consent
C)   beneficial treatments
D)   protection from harm

Question 13

According to the lifespan perspective,

Accepted Answer

A)   development stops at adolescence.
B)   development is a lifelong process.
C)   aging is marked by ongoing, steady declines.
D)   little developmental change occurs during adulthood.

Question 14

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)   on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events.
B)   by conducting studies of animal behavior.
C)   on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents.
D)   by carefully observing his own children. A

Question 15

Which of the following theories emphasizes one course of development?

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism
B)   cognitive-developmental theory
C)   social learning theory
D)   lifespan perspective

Question 16

According to ecological systems theory,interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

Accepted Answer

A)   microsystem.
B)   mesosystem.
C)   exosystem.
D)   macrosystem.

Question 17

In Bronfenbrenner's model,marrying and getting divorced are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   ecological transitions.
B)   the mesosystem.
C)   the exosystem.
D)   sensitive periods.

Question 18

In experimental studies,

Accepted Answer

A)   the investigator cannot make cause-and-effect inferences.
B)   the researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in the dependent variable.
C)   investigators must control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the accuracy of their findings.
D)   researchers gather information on participants without altering their experiences.

Question 19

Theorists who emphasize the role of __________ in development believe that the complex forces of the physical and social world influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)   nature
B)   stages
C)   stability
D)   nurture

Question 20

What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded,history-graded,and nonnormative influences.

Accepted Answer

According to the lifespan perspective,de...

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

A +.55 correlation between a measure of maternal language stimulation and the size of children's vocabularies at age 2 suggests a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a(n) __________ design,researchers look at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs,the neutral stimulus was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major limitation of ethnography is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ explains why some children growing up in difficult circumstances thrive,while others are less successful.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Information-processing researchers

Correct AnswerverifiedA

__________ is concerned with the adaptive,or survival,value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget convinced the field that children are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's psychosexual theory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following an experiment,a researcher plans to post children's names and intelligence test scores on the door of their classroom.This violates which of the following research rights?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the lifespan perspective,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following theories emphasizes one course of development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to ecological systems theory,interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Bronfenbrenner's model,marrying and getting divorced are examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In experimental studies,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theorists who emphasize the role of __________ in development believe that the complex forces of the physical and social world influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded,history-graded,and nonnormative influences.

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to the lifespan perspective,de...View AnswerShow Answer

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C

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A

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Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .

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A

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According to the lifespan perspective,de...
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