Question 1

Unlike Jean Piaget,Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a __________ process.

Accepted Answer

A)   socially mediated
B)   genetically predictable
C)   preoperational
D)   neurologicalE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Taking tests and answering questionnaires are examples of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   research designs
B)   theories
C)   hypotheses
D)   research methodsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Dr.Torrez believes that how conflicts between biological drives and social expectations are resolved determines the person's ability to learn,to get along with others,and to cope with anxiety.Dr.Torrez accepts the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic perspective
B)   psychosocial theory
C)   cognitive-developmental theory
D)   social learning theoryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

When children are research participants,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)   investigators need to seek the opinion of others if in doubt about the harmful effects of research
B)   they do not have the right to concealment of their identity on information collected in the course of research
C)   there is no need to inform them or their parents of the results of the research
D)   informed consent of their parents as well as others who act on their behalf should be obtainedE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

In his research study,Dr.Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance.Consequently,Dr.Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over.

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent
B)   a privacy statement
C)   debriefing
D)   a placeboE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

According to research on family chaos,mothers who __________ experience greater psychological stress.

Accepted Answer

A)   make family meals
B)   frequently multitask
C)   work outside the home
D)   cosleep with their infantsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

In a correlational design,researchers __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gather information on individuals without altering their experiences
B)   divide events and behaviors of interest into two types: dependent and independent variables
C)   use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions
D)   directly control or manipulate changes in the independent variableE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Ivan Pavlov discovered __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning
B)   classical conditioning
C)   the ego's positive contributions to development
D)   the clinical methodE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

The clinical method __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   allows investigators to see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain
B)   must be conducted with large groups of people at the same time
C)   provides little information on how children and adults actually behave
D)   yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insightsE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Ethical standards permit deception in research studies if __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the participants are young enough that they would not understand the deception
B)   investigators satisfy institutional review boards that such practices are necessary
C)   researchers can observe participants from behind one-way mirrors
D)   the participants give informed consent and the researchers never reveal the real purpose of the studyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptation
B)   equilibrium
C)   the critical period
D)   classical conditioningE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events
B)   by conducting studies of animal behavior
C)   on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents
D)   by carefully observing his own childrenE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children.Jade was using __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation
B)   ethnography
C)   self-reports
D)   structured observationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Dr.Rizvi studies the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive processing and behavior patterns.She is part of a group of researchers from the fields of psychology,biology,neuroscience,and medicine.This approach to development is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism
B)   cognitive-development theory
C)   the information-processing approach
D)   developmental cognitive neuroscienceE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

In field experiments,researchers __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   selectively assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
B)   cannot used random assignment or manipulate treatment conditions
C)   randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
D)   have stronger control over the treatment than in the laboratoryE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

As a generation,the baby boomers are __________ than any previous mid- or late-life cohort.

Accepted Answer

A)   healthier, but less educated
B)   more educated, but less wealthy
C)   more self-focused, but less healthy
D)   healthier, better educated, and financially better offE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In a cross-sectional design,researchers study __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the same group of participants repeatedly at different ages
B)   groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time
C)   groups of participants of the same age in different years
D)   participants of the same age at the same point in timeE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

In an experimental study examining whether children who are read to more often score higher on vocabulary tests in first grade,the independent variable would be the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   frequency of read-alouds
B)   type of books parents read
C)   child's vocabulary score
D)   difficulty of vocabulary wordsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A)   It does not permit inferences about cause-and-effect relationships.
B)   Participants may move away or drop out of the research.
C)   Findings may not generalize to the real world.
D)   It does not permit study of individual developmental trends.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A major strength of the clinical interview is that it __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   makes comparing individuals' responses very easy
B)   can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period
C)   is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group
D)   allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural settingsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

As a generation,the baby boomers are __________ than any previous mid- or late-life cohort.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children.Jade was using __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Rizvi studies the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive processing and behavior patterns.She is part of a group of researchers from the fields of psychology,biology,neuroscience,and medicine.This approach to development is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study examining whether children who are read to more often score higher on vocabulary tests in first grade,the independent variable would be the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ivan Pavlov discovered __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research on family chaos,mothers who __________ experience greater psychological stress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When children are research participants,__________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In his research study,Dr.Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance.Consequently,Dr.Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The clinical method __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Torrez believes that how conflicts between biological drives and social expectations are resolved determines the person's ability to learn,to get along with others,and to cope with anxiety.Dr.Torrez accepts the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a correlational design,researchers __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taking tests and answering questionnaires are examples of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In field experiments,researchers __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethical standards permit deception in research studies if __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major strength of the clinical interview is that it __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cross-sectional design,researchers study __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike Jean Piaget,Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a __________ process.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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