Question 1

The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Utilitarianism is a nonconsequentialist ethical theory.
B)   Utilitarianism is an egoistic normative theory.
C)   Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results.
D)   Nonconsequentialists deny that consequences have any moral significance.

Question 2

Choose two theories of ethics from the reading and explain how you would properly apply them to the "Hacking into Harvard" case on pages 86 and 87.

Accepted Answer

Two theories of ethics that can be appli...

Question 3

A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of

Accepted Answer

A)   effects, ideals, and obligations.
B)   effort, duties, and organization.
C)   compassion, intellect, and patience.
D)   compliance, contribution, and consequences.

Question 4

Explain one of the three criticisms of utilitarianism..

Accepted Answer

One of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...

Question 5

Identify two forms of ethical egoism. What are these two forms and how do they differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

Ethical egoism is the belief that indivi...

Question 6

Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Rule utilitarians

Accepted Answer

A)   believe that the optimal moral code will not normally produce 100% compliance.
B)   believe that the optimal moral code would consist of only one rule, namely, always act so as to maximize happiness.
C)   assume that everyone will always follow the rules, all the time.
D)   believe that an action is wrong if it fails to maximize happiness.

Question 8

A hypothetical imperative tells us to act as we would want everyone to act in that situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The statement that best defines rights is

Accepted Answer

A)   all moral rights are legal rights.
B)   a negative right is a right to receive certain benefits.
C)   a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way.
D)   all moral rights are human rights.

Question 10

Kant believed that we should always act

Accepted Answer

A)   in such a way that we can will the maxim of our action to be a local law.
B)   in a way that treats success as an end in itself, never merely as means.
C)   in a way that would be universally unacceptable to all rational beings.
D)   in a way that moral beings give the moral law.

Question 11

What is a prima facie obligation?

Accepted Answer

A prima facie obligation is a concept in...

Question 12

Choose a current day problem in business ethics and explain how Hare's approach could be used to solve it.

Accepted Answer

One current day problem in business ethi...

Question 13

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, pleasure is the one thing that is intrinsically good or worthwhile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the difference between the categorical imperative and a hypothetical imperative?

Accepted Answer

The categorical imperative and the hypot...

Question 15

Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because, by selling their sexual services, prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Consequentialism

Accepted Answer

A)   is best represented by Ross's theory of ethics.
B)   states that sometimes the consequences of our actions can be morally relevant.
C)   states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results.
D)   differs from nonconsequentialism because nonconsequentialism denies that consequences have any moral significance.

Question 17

Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief?

Accepted Answer

A)   We must always support what most people want, i.e., by majority rule.
B)   We should bring about the most happiness for everyone affected by our actions.
C)   We should concern ourselves only with the immediate results of our actions.
D)   We must always disregard our own happiness when deciding what to do.

Question 18

According to Kant

Accepted Answer

A)   good will is the only thing that is good in itself.
B)   an action has moral worth if it is consistent with the categorical imperative.
C)   only actions based on feeling or sentiment have moral worth.
D)   a self-interested person can never do the right action.

Question 19

Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that

Accepted Answer

A)   we have no obligation to promote general welfare.
B)   utilitarianism doesn't require us to sacrifice as much as we should to help other people.
C)   morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals.
D)   people's so-called "moral rights" are unimportant when determining the right course of action.

Question 20

A supererogatory act is an act that would be good not to do to, but doing it is not absolutely wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Normative Theories of Ethics

According to Kant

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Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because, by selling their sexual services, prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.

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Consequentialism

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A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of

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Rule utilitarians

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The statement that best defines rights is

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Explain one of the three criticisms of utilitarianism..

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...View AnswerShow Answer

Kant believed that we should always act

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Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

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The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:

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A hypothetical imperative tells us to act as we would want everyone to act in that situation.

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According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, pleasure is the one thing that is intrinsically good or worthwhile.

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Choose a current day problem in business ethics and explain how Hare's approach could be used to solve it.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne current day problem in business ethi...View AnswerShow Answer

Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that

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What is a prima facie obligation?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA prima facie obligation is a concept in...View AnswerShow Answer

Choose two theories of ethics from the reading and explain how you would properly apply them to the "Hacking into Harvard" case on pages 86 and 87.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AITwo theories of ethics that can be appli...View AnswerShow Answer

A supererogatory act is an act that would be good not to do to, but doing it is not absolutely wrong.

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What is the difference between the categorical imperative and a hypothetical imperative?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe categorical imperative and the hypot...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief?

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Identify two forms of ethical egoism. What are these two forms and how do they differ from one another?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEthical egoism is the belief that indivi...View AnswerShow Answer

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One of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...
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One current day problem in business ethi...
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A prima facie obligation is a concept in...
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Two theories of ethics that can be appli...
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The categorical imperative and the hypot...
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Ethical egoism is the belief that indivi...
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