Exam 6: Formation of Planetary Systems: Our Solar System and Beyond

A) Mars
B) Jupiter
C) Venus
D) Saturn

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A) There are very large extinct volcanoes on Mars.
B) There is a very deep and long canyon that extends across Mars.
C) There are dried-up riverbeds on Mars.
D) Mars has polar caps made of "dry ice."
E) Mars has two small moons.

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A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) All of the above

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A) Mercury.
B) Venus.
C) the Moon.
D) Mars.
E) Pluto.

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A) ice that condensed in the solar nebula in the region where Earth formed.
B) chemical reactions that occurred in Earth's crust after Earth formed.
C) chemical reactions that occurred in Earth's core after Earth formed.
D) material left behind during the giant impact that formed the Moon.
E) comets that impacted Earth.

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A) Venus
B) Mercury
C) Earth
D) Neptune

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A) You'll have 0.25 kilogram of the radioactive substance remaining.
B) All the material will have completely decayed.
C) You'll have 0.75 kilogram of the radioactive substance remaining.
D) You'll have 0.5 kilogram of the radioactive substance remaining.

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A) Photographs reveal that most of them have atmospheres much like that of Jupiter.
B) Most of them are much more massive than Earth.
C) Many of them orbit closer to their star than Jupiter orbits the Sun.
D) Many of them have been discovered by observing Doppler shifts in the spectra of the stars they orbit.

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A) A planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun
B) A planet that is larger than the Sun
C) A planet that is extra large compared to what we'd expect
D) A planet that is considered an "extra," in that it was not needed for the formation of its solar system

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The discovery of extrasolar planets show...

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A) The Sun's diameter is about 5 times that of Earth.
B) The Sun is a star.
C) The Sun contains more than 99% of all the mass in our solar system.
D) The Sun is made mostly of hydrogen and helium.

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A) There would be no change in where gas giants could form, because the freezing point of ices did not affect the formation of gas giants.
B) The gas giants could have formed at a closer distance.
C) The gas giants would have to form at a larger distance.

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A) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
C) Pluto and Eris
D) Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

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A) As the growing jovian planets captured gas from the solar nebula, the gas formed swirling disks around them, and moons formed from condensation accretion within these disks.
B) Because of their strong gravity, the jovian planets were able to capture numerous asteroids that happened to be passing nearby, and these became the major moons of the jovian planets.
C) The large moons of the jovian planets originally formed in the inner solar system and these moons then migrated out to join up with the jovian planets.
D) The many moons of the jovian planets remains one of the unexplained mysteries of the formation of our solar system.

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A) Only a tiny percentage of stars are surrounded by spinning disks of gas during their formation.
B) A star system's planets generally tend to orbit their star in the same direction and approximately the same plane.
C) Other solar systems will also have planets in the two basic categories of terrestrial and jovian.
D) Other planetary systems will have far more numerous asteroids and comets than actual planets.

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A) They reveal that meteorites are much older than the comets and planets.
B) Nothing, because they come from other star systems.
C) They reveal that the solar system once contained 10 planets.
D) They reveal that the age of the solar system is approximately 4.6 billion years.
E) They reveal that the early solar system consisted mostly of hydrogen and helium gas.

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