Question 1

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training which of the following happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CS comes to activate the UR directly.
B)  The CR comes to activate the UR directly.
C)  The CS activates the UR via excitation of US centers.
D)  The CR activates the US via excitation of the UR centers.

Question 2

Describe an experimental design that allows investigators to distinguish between S-R and S-S learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an experimental design that allows investigators...

Question 3

According to Kamin, surprisingness of the US is important in classical conditioning procedures because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates the mental effort needed to form associations.
B)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus A.
C)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus B.
D)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus A and stimulus B.

Question 4

Higher order conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the possible number of Pavlovian learning situations.
B)  increases the possible number of Pavlovian learning situations.
C)  decreases the possible number of CSs.
D)  decreases the possible number of USs.

Question 5

According to studies of belongingness, rats conditioned with

Accepted Answer

A)  illness learn a stronger aversion to audiovisual cues than to taste.
B)  shock learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues.
C)  illness learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues.
D)  either shock or illness learn stronger aversions to audiovisual cues than to taste.

Question 6

Results from sexual conditioning studies in which CS-US intervals of varying duration were compared indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CS comes to substitute for the US.
B)  The CR comes to oppose the UR.
C)  The CS comes to compensate for the UR.
D)  The CS comes to elicit responses predictable by behavior systems theory.

Question 7

In a sign tracking experiment, one group of pigeons will be trained with a water US, another with a food US. In a comparison of conditioned responding, you expect to find that pecking will develop in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the food US group but not the water US group
B)  the water US group but not the food US group
C)  both groups, but pecking movements will be slower in the water US group
D)  both groups, but pecking movements will be slower in the food US group

Question 8

What is the blocking effect? Provide two theoretical mechanisms for the blocking effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the blocking effect? Provide two...

Question 9

The stimulus substitution model suggests that neural pathways, developed during conditioning trials, allow the CS to elicit the UR. What evidence supports this theory? What evidence is used to refute the stimulus substitution model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stimulus substitution model suggests that neural...

Question 10

US-devaluation experiments suggest that for many first-order conditioning procedures, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stimulus-substitution model is correct.
B)  The CS activates the CR directly.
C)  The CS activates the UR directly.
D)  The CS activates a US representation.

Question 11

A major difference between attentional models and the Rescorla-Wagner model is described by which of the following choices?

Accepted Answer

A)  In attentional models, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning.
B)  In the Rescorla-Wagner model, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning.
C)  Attentional models are US-reduction theories.
D)  The Rescorla-Wagner model cannot predict blocking on the first trial of Phase 2 of the blocking experiment.

Question 12

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience. Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common...

Question 13

Which of the following regions provides a biological link that endows a CS with the capacity to elicit fear?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basolateral amygdala
B)  the central amygdala
C)  the PAG
D)  the red nucleus

Question 14

According to the behavior systems model, which of the following is true regarding the form of the CR?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be similar to that of the UR.
B)  It will oppose the form of the UR.
C)  It will be mediated by the intertrial interval.
D)  It will be mediated by the interstimulus interval.

Question 15

Short CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior. Longer CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  focal search; consummatory
B)  general search; consummatory
C)  focal search; general search
D)  general search; focal search

Question 16

Each of two stimuli fully predicts the presentation of a food pellet when presented alone. When the two stimuli are presented together followed by a food pellet, the associative value

Accepted Answer

A)  of both stimuli increases.
B)  of both stimuli decreases.
C)  of both stimuli remains the same.
D)  of one stimulus decreases while the other decreases.

Question 17

In the second phase of a blocking experiment, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both groups receive the same treatment.
B)  The experimental group receives exposure to a compound stimulus; the control group receives exposure to a single stimulus.
C)  The experimental group receives exposure to a single stimulus; the control group receives exposure to a compound stimulus.
D)  The experimental group receives exposure to a compound stimulus; the control group does not receive any further training.

Question 18

Attempts to sexual condition fish and quail suggest

Accepted Answer

A)  that while responses to CSs change with conditioning, responding to the US is relatively constant.
B)  that the sexual behavior system is strongly tied to genetics not to learning factors.
C)  that conditioning results in changes in responding to the US in appetitive situations.
D)  that conditioning results in changes in responding to the US only in aversive situations.

Question 19

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child. One day while he was playing catch in a park, a large pack of dogs wandered into his view. Now he avoids parks. His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituated associations
B)  CS intensity
C)  higher-order conditioning
D)  US intensity

Question 20

Higher-order conditioning demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  After training, a CS can function as a US.
B)  After training, a US can function as a CS.
C)  CSs cannot function as USs.
D)  USs cannot function as CSs.

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning

Higher-order conditioning demonstrates which of the following?

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Describe an experimental design that allows investigators to distinguish between S-R and S-S learning.

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Short CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior. Longer CS-US intervals elicit _____ behavior.

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What is the blocking effect? Provide two theoretical mechanisms for the blocking effect.

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According to studies of belongingness, rats conditioned with

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In a sign tracking experiment, one group of pigeons will be trained with a water US, another with a food US. In a comparison of conditioned responding, you expect to find that pecking will develop in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Higher order conditioning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kamin, surprisingness of the US is important in classical conditioning procedures because of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of two stimuli fully predicts the presentation of a food pellet when presented alone. When the two stimuli are presented together followed by a food pellet, the associative value

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Results from sexual conditioning studies in which CS-US intervals of varying duration were compared indicate which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child. One day while he was playing catch in a park, a large pack of dogs wandered into his view. Now he avoids parks. His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus substitution model suggests that neural pathways, developed during conditioning trials, allow the CS to elicit the UR. What evidence supports this theory? What evidence is used to refute the stimulus substitution model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attempts to sexual condition fish and quail suggest

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following regions provides a biological link that endows a CS with the capacity to elicit fear?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

US-devaluation experiments suggest that for many first-order conditioning procedures, which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major difference between attentional models and the Rescorla-Wagner model is described by which of the following choices?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training which of the following happens?

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In the second phase of a blocking experiment, which of the following occurs?

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Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience. Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

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According to the behavior systems model, which of the following is true regarding the form of the CR?

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Short CS-US intervals elicit _ behavior. Longer CS-US intervals elicit _ behavior.

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