A) It originated with the Lapita culture on the island of New Guinea.
B) It spread via long-distance sea travel.
C) Its spread was the result of canoes accidentally being blown off-course.
D) Its mariners used large vessels.
E) It played a role in the spread of the domestic chicken.
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C
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Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador...View Answer
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Four long-term developments underpinned the turn to maritime expansion in the fifteenth century: 1) the revival of trade and growth of cities; 2) the amount of freedom accorded to merchants in western Europe, in part as a result of their residence in chartered cities, and the relatively large amount of power they wielded as important taxpayers in "new monarchies"; 3) the sense of an ongoing competition between Christianity and Islam; and 4) curiosity about the world beyond Europe, spurred by the intellectual developments of the Renaissance, which led to the adoption and adaptation of such foreign technologies as the astrolabe and magnetic compass. Though these developments occurred gradually throughout western Europe, Portugal and Spain were the first places in which they spurred long-distance maritime expansion. These two kingdoms' role as "early adopters" has to do to some degree with the ambitions and temperament of their rulers, but owes even more to their specific historical development. By the fifteenth century, the cities of Northern Italy and Flanders had already developed well-established trade routes with the east; in the case of Venice and Genoa, they bolstered these with alliances with Muslim powers. Portugal and Spain, in contrast, were latecomers to this economic expansion, in large part because of the "reconquest" of the Iberian peninsula from the Muslims. This meant that once Portugal and Spain emerged as stable and unified kingdoms, in the mid to late 1400s, the Mediterranean was already dominated by other sea powers; these newcomers therefore sought other options for establishing trade connections with Africa and Asia. In addition, centuries of internal combat with Muslims had created a distinctive sense of Christian militancy that drove investment in risky exploration and expansion projects, even when their immediate economic benefits were not entirely evident.
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A) Mongols.
B) Ostrogoths.
C) Celts.
D) Vikings.
E) Lombards.
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A) open arms.
B) panic and fear.
C) awe.
D) derisive laughter.
E) religious enthusiasm.
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The isolation of Amerindian peoples slow...View Answer
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A) Increased military capacity and hunting efficiency
B) Decreased military capacity and hunting efficiency
C) No impact because religious prohibitions prevented its use
D) No appreciable impact because they already had horses
E) The decline in the alpaca population
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A
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A) fast.
B) maneuverable.
C) a good fighting ship.
D) strong.
E) All of these
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The term "Gold Coast" historically refer...View Answer
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Malayo-Polynesians traveled the Pacific ...View Answer
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Early Portuguese visitors sometimes fail...View Answer
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A) conquest.
B) diplomatic negotiation.
C) trade alliances.
D) sending spies into the cities so that they could topple the ruler.
E) having missionaries convert the people first.
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Christopher Columbus was an Italian expl...View Answer
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A) Victoria.
B) Sangria Sacra.
C) Trinidad.
D) Intrepida.
E) Tobago.
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A) Ra bat.
B) Ceuta.
C) Casablanca.
D) Marrakech.
E) Sagres.
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Moctezuma II, also spelled Montezuma, wa...View Answer
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The Spanish were more likely to seek ter...View Answer
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A) The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
B) Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
C) The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
D) Muslim traders actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
E) All of these.
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A) invented by Henry the Navigator.
B) invented by Columbus.
C) of Italian origin.
D) held by an exclusive English patent.
E) of Chinese and Arab or Greek origin, respectively.
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A) he was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope.
B) he devoted his life to promoting exploration.
C) he designed the compass.
D) he discovered America.
E) navigator means "conqueror" in Portuguese.
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