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Use the information to answer the following question. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all) of the flowers were red. In late summer, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The table below describes the pollination process in these plants. Use the information to answer the following question. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)  usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all)  of the flowers were red. In late summer, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The table below describes the pollination process in these plants.   Late in the season, when only hawk moths were present, researchers painted the red flowers white. Which of the following results is most likely in this situation? A)  Unpainted red flowers would produce more fruits than white flowers would. B)  Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would. C)  Red and white flowers would produce the same numbers of fruits. D)  Unpainted red flowers would produce the same number of fruits as the white flowers. Late in the season, when only hawk moths were present, researchers painted the red flowers white. Which of the following results is most likely in this situation?


A) Unpainted red flowers would produce more fruits than white flowers would.
B) Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would.
C) Red and white flowers would produce the same numbers of fruits.
D) Unpainted red flowers would produce the same number of fruits as the white flowers.

Correct Answer

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In onions (Allium) , cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus?


A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

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Use the information to answer the following question. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all) of the flowers were red. In late summer, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The table below describes the pollination process in these plants. Use the information to answer the following question. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)  usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all)  of the flowers were red. In late summer, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The table below describes the pollination process in these plants.   Some plants continued to produce only dark (red)  flowers whereas others produced lighter colored flowers later in the season. Which plants do you expect produced more fruit over the entire season? A)  those that changed their color to a lighter shade B)  those that stayed dark C)  the same numbers of fruit on both D)  the plants whose flowers were always light colored Some plants continued to produce only dark (red) flowers whereas others produced lighter colored flowers later in the season. Which plants do you expect produced more fruit over the entire season?


A) those that changed their color to a lighter shade
B) those that stayed dark
C) the same numbers of fruit on both
D) the plants whose flowers were always light colored

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?


A) double internal fertilization
B) free-living gametophytes
C) carpels that contain microsporangia
D) ovules that are not contained within ovaries

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The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with nectar in her stomach, and if she visits another flower on a different Brazil nut tree, what is the sequence in which the following events should occur?


A) pollen transfer, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen tube enters micropyle, double fertilization
B) pollen transfer, pollen tube enters micropyle, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, double fertilization
C) pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen transfer, pollen tube enters micropyle, double fertilization
D) pollen tube enters micropyle, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen transfer, double fertilization

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The internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to which of the following structures in seedless plants?


A) moss sporophyte
B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia
C) fern sporophyte
D) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

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The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.) , a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit into which moisture can then enter and allow the remaining seeds to germinate. The agouti is most directly involved in dispersal of which of the following structures?


A) female gametophytes
B) sporophyte embryos
C) sporophyte megaspores
D) female gametes

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In onions (Allium) , cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?


A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

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In spruces and pines, which of the following is an advantage of having needlelike leaves?


A) increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis
B) increased surface area, increasing gas exchange
C) decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange
D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss

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Which of the following is the most beneficial adaptation of the seed coats in angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by fruit-eating animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?


A) The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide nutrients to animals.
B) The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
C) The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
D) The seed coat should be resistant to the animal's digestive enzymes.

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Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about how they are pollinated?


A) They probably self-fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another.
B) Their pollinating insects are probably color blind.
C) They are probably wind pollinated.
D) They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances.

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Which of the following problems will likely increase if the human population continues to increase?


A) reduction in available medicines
B) decrease in global temperature
C) increase in disease-causing organisms
D) reduction in plant and animal diversity

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Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?


A) in the style of a flower
B) enclosed in the stigma of a flower
C) within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower
D) packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen

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Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is correct?


A) The pine tree is a gametophyte.
B) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis.
C) Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon.
D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

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Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, for example) the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?


A) The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.
B) Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods, and the ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.
C) Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.
D) There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

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Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?


A) alternation of generations
B) independent gametophytes
C) vascular tissue
D) ovules

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In onions (Allium) , cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?


A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

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Which of the following describes a difference between wind-pollinated angiosperms compared with animal pollinated plants? Wind pollenated plants ________.


A) produce fewer seeds because winds disperse seeds in a targeted manner
B) produce more seeds because winds disperse seeds greater distances
C) produce much less pollen because winds disperse pollen in a highly targeted manner
D) produce much more pollen because winds disperse pollen randomly

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The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America and produces large nuts. The large white part of a Brazil nut that people eat serves which of the following functions in nature?


A) It attracts birds and encourages them to nest in the tree.
B) It provides energy and nutrition to a germinating seedling.
C) It serves as protection for the embryo from animals looking for food.
D) It provides a water source for the developing embryo.

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Which of the following organisms are the closest relatives of pine and spruce trees?


A) ferns, horsetails, lycophytes, and club mosses
B) hornworts, liverworts, and mosses
C) gnetophytes, cycads, and ginkgos
D) elms, maples, and aspens

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