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In selecting items for scales, one would want to make sure that:


A) no items are used until they have passed the test of construct validity.
B) extreme positions on the variable are left off so that regression toward the mean is avoided.
C) the scale achieves multi dimensionality.
D) the items cover the actual range of variation on the variable.

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One of the advantages of using existing items or scales in research rather than developing new ones is:


A) existing scales usually achieve a higher level of measurement.
B) existing scales are more likely to be unidimensional.
C) existing scales are more likely to confirm research hypotheses.
D) the validity and reliability of existing scales have usually already been established.

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A Likert scale can also be referred to as a:


A) Guttman scale.
B) multidimensional scale.
C) summated rating scale.
D) rapid assessment instrument.

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Beyond the general concerns of question wording, identify and explain the factors to be considered in the selection of scale items.

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When selecting scale items, there are se...

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Describe the basic steps that are common to the construction of most scales.

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The basic steps common to the constructi...

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In Likert scales, a discriminatory power score for each item:


A) indicates the degree to which people's responses to an item range over the five response alternatives.
B) is a method of assessing the reliability of each item.
C) indicates the degree to which each item discriminates between high scorers and low scorers on the overall scale.
D) indicates how highly that item correlates with people's overall scale score.

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One of the advantages of a Likert scale is that:


A) it is one of the quickest scales to administer.
B) the data are considered to be ordinal level, permitting the use of more powerful statistical procedures.
C) the data are considered to be interval level, permitting the use of the most powerful statistical procedures.
D) the single score based on the Likert scale is not a summary of responses to numerous items.

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In assessing items for a Likert scale, a discriminatory power score would be calculated on:


A) the whole preliminary Likert scale.
B) every item of the preliminary Likert scale.
C) only on those items that are used in the final Likert scale.
D) those items that are being moved from a Thurstone to a Likert scale.

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In assessing items for a Likert scale, a negative discriminatory power score on an item means that:


A) high scorers on the overall scale scored lower on this item than did the low scorers on the overall scale.
B) people in the upper and lower quartiles scored very differently on this item.
C) there is a negative relationship between how people score on this item and on the overall scale.
D) the item is a good candidate for inclusion in the final scale.

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An advantage of the semantic differential (SD) over Likert or Thurstone scales is:


A) SDs provide interval level data.
B) SDs provide nominal level data.
C) adequate reliability and validity can be achieved with a smaller number of items.
D) the items in an SD are easier to interpret in terms of operational definitions and measurement.

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