Exam 5: States of Consciousness.

A) REM sleep.
B) NREM sleep.
C) both REM and NREM sleep.
D) none of these.

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A) REM rebound.
B) REM tolerance.
C) a person going "crazy" if deprived of REM sleep.
D) a person exhibiting somnambulism when deprived of REM sleep.

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A) Overuse of caffeine of 15 to 20 cups a day may result in an unhealthy dependence known as caffeinism.
B) As little as 2.5 cups of coffee a day (or the equivalent caffeine amount) can intensify anxiety and other psychological problems.
C) Caffeine is the most frequently used psychoactive drug in North America.
D) Caffeine stimulates the brain by causing more neurotransmitters to be released, thus, increasing the activity of the brain cells.

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A) REM rebound
B) narcolepsy
C) sleeptalking
D) REM behavior disorder

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A) Mild doses of barbiturates have an effect similar to caffeinism.
B) High doses barbiturates cause severe mental confusion or even hallucinations.
C) Barbiturates are often taken in excess amounts because the first dose may be followed by others as the user becomes uninhibited and forgetful.
D) Overdoses first cause a loss of consciousness and then the brain centers that control heartbeat and breathing are severely depressed with the result being death.

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A) condensation
B) secondary elaboration
C) compensation
D) displacement

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A) "cold turkey" approach
B) scheduled gradual reduction program
C) harm reduction strategy
D) deinstitutionalization program

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A) lucid dreaming
B) mindfulness
C) concentrative cataplexy
D) anhedonia

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A) precipitates a placebo effect only.
B) increases the amount of tryptophan reaching his brain and increases serotonin levels.
C) is known as the paradoxical intention, since eating should prevent sleep.
D) decreases the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain, resulting in sleep.

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A) REM rebound.
B) paradoxical delusions.
C) hypnopompic hallucinations.
D) lucid dreaming.

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A) the use of non-prescription sleeping pills.
B) worry, stress, and excitement.
C) the use of prescribed sedatives.
D) eating starchy foods before going to bed.

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A) It is meant to cleanse the body and mind.
B) It is performed in a dark coal-heated chamber.
C) It often brings about an altered state of consciousness.
D) It often causes a sensory overload that can lead to cataplexy.

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A) significantly more sleep.
B) slightly more sleep.
C) the same amount of sleep.
D) less sleep.

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A) sexsomnia.
B) cataplexic sex.
C) somnambulism.
D) hypnopompic sensuality.

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A) The activation-synthesis hypothesis was developed by William Domhoff.
B) Since dreams are created from memories and past experiences, the activation-synthesis hypothesis does not rule out the idea that dreams have some meaning.
C) The activation-synthesis hypothesis helps explain why bizarre images are more common in dreams than they are in daytime fantasies.
D) According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, during REM sleep several lower brain centers are "turned on" in a more or less random fashion.

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A) difficulty in going and staying asleep.
B) sudden, irresistible attacks of sleepiness.
C) night terrors and sleep talking.
D) a failure of normal muscle paralysis during REM sleep.

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