A) enabled the British to turn around their previously unsuccessful performance during the war.
B) prompted several mutinies within colonial ranks.
C) gave the British hope that they might be able to enlist the support of southern Loyalists.
D) led Benedict Arnold to defect to the British.
E) caused Francis Marion's eventual defeat at the Battle of Cowpens.
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A) imposed a boycott on all manufactured goods produced in the colonies.
B) declared that colonists had to house British soldiers in their homes.
C) closed the Port of Boston on account of the Boston Tea Party.
D) rejected American claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.
E) proclaimed the colonies' independence from Great Britain.
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A) greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson's early writings.
B) prompted Thomas Jefferson to support independence before the war even began.
C) caused many American colonists to call for the abolition of the monarchy.
D) contradicted the argument for colonial resistance.
E) led to Parliament's passage of the Declaratory Act of 1766.
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A) 80,000
B) 125,000
C) 200,000
D) 350,000
E) 500,000
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A) It was published in 1776.
B) It called for a democratic system based on frequent elections and a written constitution.
C) It tied the economic hopes of the new nation to the idea of commercial freedom.
D) It dramatically expanded the public sphere.
E) It was breathtakingly original in its ideas.
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A) John Adams
B) Thomas Paine
C) Joseph Galloway
D) John Locke
E) Lord Dunmore
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A) symbolized the threat to liberty for many in both Britain and America.
B) pleased most American colonists because of Wilkes's pro-Stamp-Act editorials.
C) resulted from a column Wilkes wrote that was sympathetic toward those killed in the Boston Massacre.
D) came after a London jury convicted him of colluding with pro-independence colonists.
E) was reversed by the king, which led to a British constitutional crisis that diverted attention from the colonies.
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A) The elite became more aware of liberty, but the lower classes remained unconcerned, choosing instead just to follow leaders who encouraged them to riot.
B) The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.
C) It led the Stamp Act Congress to adopt the Declaratory Act, which defined American liberties.
D) It convinced colonists that revolting against Great Britain was the only way to secure their liberties.
E) Requiring everyone freed from jail to wear a stamp reminded colonists that they were prisoners of the British empire.
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A) He encouraged Indians to conduct raids against backcountry settlements in the Carolinas.
B) He issued a proclamation freeing all slaves south of the Ohio River.
C) He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.
D) He confiscated property of Loyalists.
E) He circulated germ-ridden blankets among frontier towns to spread disease.
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A) that only those who were elected by a given population could represent that population in a legislative body.
B) about representation that most politically active American colonists in the 1760s and 1770s embraced.
C) endorsed by the Stamp Act Congress in 1765.
D) that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.
E) that the king should appoint delegates to represent the colonies in the British House of Commons.
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A) For the first time British authorities stationed soldiers in Boston.
B) Parliament closed all American ports to all trade until the tea destroyed by the Boston Tea Party was paid for.
C) The Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was changed to curtail town meetings.
D) The office of governor of Massachusetts became an elected position.
E) Colonists were prevented from producing items made from glass, paper, or lead.
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A) Lexington and Concord, which included "the shot heard 'round the world' "
B) Fort Ticonderoga, where soldiers commanded by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold forced a British surrender
C) Breed's Hill, where the British suffered heavy casualties trying to dislodge colonial militiamen
D) the Siege of Boston, which culminated in Sir William Howe's troops abandoning the city
E) Cowpens, which helped turn the tide of war in the South
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A) he had no land or water escape route.
B) he was overwhelmed by Washington's much larger and better trained army.
C) General Clinton had withdrawn from Yorktown, leaving Cornwallis vulnerable.
D) most of his troops were cold, starving, and ready to surrender.
E) King George III ordered an end to the war.
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A) Because it would aid a different part of the empire than their own, colonists felt that this was the kind of discriminatory action that violated the concept of liberty.
B) By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists.
C) It granted a monopoly, and the colonists opposed all forms of monopoly.
D) The British East India Company made inferior tea, and colonists preferred not to drink it.
E) It raised the tax on tea so much as to make tea prohibitively expensive.
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