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Exam 5: Running Water and Groundwater

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

A) Dissolved ions and sand
B) Dissolved salts
C) Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains
D) Sand and gravel that move during floods

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Question 42

True/False

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Porosity is a measure of the volume of open space in rocks and unconsolidated geological materials such as alluvium and soils.

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Question 43

Multiple Choice

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Caves most commonly form in ________.

Alluvium refers to stream deposits, mainly sand and gravel.

The term karst topography was first used in ________.

On the cutaway sides of the illustration below, areas shaded dark represent the zone of aeration, and areas that are lightly shaded represent the zone of saturation. All rock types are aquifers except for the labeled aquitard. On the blanks provided, fill in the name of the labeled features.

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

When water is pumped from a well, a depression is often produced in the water table. Such a depression is a(n) ________.

What term denotes the percentage of open space or voids in a material?

Briefly compare those stream characteristics that decrease in a downstream direction with those that increase downstream. Also, indicate whether these changing stream characteristics tend to favor erosion or deposition of sediments.

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

A stream begins at an elevation of 200 meters and flows a distance of 400 kilometers to the ocean. What is the average gradient?

Floods are the least destructive of all geologic hazards.

On the spaces below, name the type of drainage pattern that is shown in each illustration. (A) ______________________________ (B) ______________________________ (C) ______________________________ (D) ______________________________

A natural, meandering, river channel is modified into a more or less straight and smooth, canal-like channel. Which of the following statements is correct?

As its name implies, the water table is always very level (flat).

The unsaturated zone above the water table is also known as the ________.

Lowering of the water table around a pumping well results in a cone of infiltration.

The capacity of a stream measures the maximum size of particles it is capable of transporting.

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.