Question 1

The Harlows' studies of attachment in monkeys showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   provision of nourishment was the single most important factor motivating attachment.
B)   a cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response.
C)   whether a cloth or wire mother was present mattered less than the presence or absence of other infants.
D)   attachment in monkeys is based on imprinting.

Question 2

According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   preoperational
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operational

Question 3

In a British study following over 7000 people from birth to adulthood, those individuals whose fathers were most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater

Accepted Answer

A)   role confusion.
B)   separation anxiety.
C)   egocentrism.
D)   academic achievement.

Question 4

A critical period is a phase during which

Accepted Answer

A)   children frequently disobey and resist their parents.
B)   children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly.
C)   parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained.
D)   exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development.

Question 5

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism.
B)   imprinting.
C)   habituation.
D)   infantile amnesia.

Question 6

Vygotsky suggested that new words provide a temporary ________ from which children can step to higher levels of thinking

Accepted Answer

A)   preoperational stage
B)   neural network
C)   critical period
D)   scaffold

Question 7

Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that

Accepted Answer

A)   the child's mind is a miniature model of the adult's.
B)   children think about the world in radically different ways from adults.
C)   the child's mind develops through a series of stages.
D)   children interpret their experiences in terms of their current understandings.

Question 8

Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   sense of object permanence.
B)   insecure attachment.
C)   concept of conservation.
D)   theory of mind.

Question 9

Psychologists David Premack and Guy Woodruff described chimpanzees' seeming ability to read intentions as indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)   imprinting.
B)   a theory of mind.
C)   object permanence.
D)   a secure attachment.

Question 10

Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   egocentrism.
C)   insecure attachment.
D)   accommodation.

Question 11

At about 8 months, children become increasingly likely to react to newcomers with tears and distress. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   role confusion.
B)   insecure attachment.
C)   egocentrism.
D)   stranger anxiety.

Question 12

When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   formal operational
C)   concrete operational
D)   preoperational

Question 13

Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with

Accepted Answer

A)   adequate nourishment.
B)   body contact.
C)   the opportunity to explore.
D)   self-esteem.

Question 14

Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Lilianne has also just

Accepted Answer

A)   mastered the principle of conservation.
B)   overcome the limitation of egocentrism.
C)   developed a sense of object permanence.
D)   lost her sense of secure attachment.

Question 15

A mother who is slow in responding to her infant's cries of distress is most likely to encourage

Accepted Answer

A)   conservation.
B)   insecure attachment.
C)   object permanence.
D)   egocentrism.

Question 16

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A)   basic trust.
B)   inner speech.
C)   conservation.
D)   imprinting.

Question 17

One study of 4  - to 6-year-old children in 10 American cities found that the children's rate of aggressiveness was influenced more by ________ than by the amount of time they spent in day-care programs.

Accepted Answer

A)   children's temperaments
B)   parents' caregiving sensitivity
C)   family's economic and educational levels
D)   all of these factors

Question 18

Infants accustomed to a puppet jumping three times on stage show surprise if the puppet jumps only twice. This suggests that Piaget

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimated the continuity of cognitive development.
B)   underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.
C)   overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence.
D)   underestimated the impact of object permanence on infant attachment.

Question 19

In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)   conservation.
B)   deduction.
C)   attachment.
D)   object permanence.

Question 20

Preschoolers' acquisition of a theory of mind suggests that Piaget overestimated young children's

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism.
B)   habituation.
C)   stranger anxiety.
D)   sense of object permanence.

Exam 14: Infancy and Childhood

Psychologists David Premack and Guy Woodruff described chimpanzees' seeming ability to read intentions as indicative of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infants accustomed to a puppet jumping three times on stage show surprise if the puppet jumps only twice. This suggests that Piaget

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Lilianne has also just

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A critical period is a phase during which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Harlows' studies of attachment in monkeys showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vygotsky suggested that new words provide a temporary ________ from which children can step to higher levels of thinking

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One study of 4 - to 6-year-old children in 10 American cities found that the children's rate of aggressiveness was influenced more by ________ than by the amount of time they spent in day-care programs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At about 8 months, children become increasingly likely to react to newcomers with tears and distress. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a British study following over 7000 people from birth to adulthood, those individuals whose fathers were most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Preschoolers' acquisition of a theory of mind suggests that Piaget overestimated young children's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mother who is slow in responding to her infant's cries of distress is most likely to encourage

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified