Question 1

A mental grouping of similar things, events, or people is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   prototype.
B)   concept.
C)   algorithm.
D)   heuristic.

Question 2

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   framing.

Question 3

Mental set is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm.
B)   heuristic.
C)   fixation.
D)   insight.

Question 4

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)   right temporal
B)   left temporal
C)   right occipital
D)   left occipital

Question 5

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 6

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Accepted Answer

A)   fixations.
B)   heuristics.
C)   prototypes.
D)   algorithms.

Question 7

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   a fixation.
C)   a heuristic.
D)   framing.

Question 8

When Quang couldn't find his wallet, he began to wonder about his roommate's honesty. Although Quang later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, he continued to doubt his roommate's honesty. Quang's irrational thinking best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   framing.

Question 9

Thoughts and feelings that are automatic, effortless, immediate, and unreasoned are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   mental set.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   heuristics.
D)   intuition.

Question 10

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   process simulation.
D)   confirmation bias.

Question 11

When Larina started college, she was certain that she would never smoke marijuana. By the end of her freshman year, however, Larina had used this drug on three different occasions. Larina's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the framing effect.

Question 12

After identifying an ethnically blended face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm
B)   heuristic
C)   prototype
D)   fixation

Question 13

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   a critical period.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 14

People are very likely to decide to be organ donors when the default option on their renewable drivers' license forms is yes but they can choose to drop out. They are much less likely to decide to be organ donors if the default option on their license forms is no but they can choose to opt in. This best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   overconfidence.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 15

Researchers who are convinced that animals can think point to evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)   chimpanzees demonstrate the ability to "count" by learning to touch pictures of objects in ascending numerical order.
B)   chimpanzees regularly use sticks as tools in their natural habitats.
C)   chimps invent grooming and courtship customs and pass them on to their peers.
D)   they exhibit all of these skills.

Question 16

The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people's estimates of the risks associated with air travel. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   the availability heuristic.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   framing.

Question 17

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   framing.

Question 18

Assume that Congress is considering revising its approach to welfare and to this end is hearing a range of testimony. A member of Congress who uses the availability heuristic would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   want to experiment with numerous possible approaches to see which of these seems to work best.
B)   want to cling to approaches to welfare that seem to have had some success in the past.
C)   refuse to be budged from his or her beliefs despite persuasive testimony to the contrary.
D)   base his or her ideas on the most vivid, memorable testimony given, even though many of the statistics presented run counter to this testimony.

Question 19

Prototypes are especially important in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   trial and error.
B)   constructing algorithms.
C)   developing heuristics.
D)   classifying objects.

Question 20

The text defines cognition as

Accepted Answer

A)   silent speech.
B)   all mental activity.
C)   the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information.
D)   logical reasoning.

Exam 27: Thinking

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers who are convinced that animals can think point to evidence that

Correct Answer
verified

After identifying an ethnically blended face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

Correct Answer
verified

When Quang couldn't find his wallet, he began to wonder about his roommate's honesty. Although Quang later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, he continued to doubt his roommate's honesty. Quang's irrational thinking best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Thoughts and feelings that are automatic, effortless, immediate, and unreasoned are examples of

Correct Answer
verified

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

Correct Answer
verified

A mental grouping of similar things, events, or people is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Mental set is an example of a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

When Larina started college, she was certain that she would never smoke marijuana. By the end of her freshman year, however, Larina had used this drug on three different occasions. Larina's experience best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Correct Answer
verified

The text defines cognition as

Correct Answer
verified

Assume that Congress is considering revising its approach to welfare and to this end is hearing a range of testimony. A member of Congress who uses the availability heuristic would be most likely to

Correct Answer
verified

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Correct Answer
verified

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Correct Answer
verified

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct Answer
verified

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Correct Answer
verified

Prototypes are especially important in the process of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Correct Answer
verified

The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people's estimates of the risks associated with air travel. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Thinking

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers who are convinced that animals can think point to evidence that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After identifying an ethnically blended face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Quang couldn't find his wallet, he began to wonder about his roommate's honesty. Although Quang later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, he continued to doubt his roommate's honesty. Quang's irrational thinking best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thoughts and feelings that are automatic, effortless, immediate, and unreasoned are examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mental grouping of similar things, events, or people is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mental set is an example of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Larina started college, she was certain that she would never smoke marijuana. By the end of her freshman year, however, Larina had used this drug on three different occasions. Larina's experience best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The text defines cognition as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assume that Congress is considering revising its approach to welfare and to this end is hearing a range of testimony. A member of Congress who uses the availability heuristic would be most likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prototypes are especially important in the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people's estimates of the risks associated with air travel. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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