Question 1

Describe the four types of long noncoding RNAs lncRNA).

Accepted Answer

1)Antisense lncRNA partially overlap pro...

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of genomic imprinting in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of the two X- chromosomes in females is randomly expressed and the other is repressed.
B)  A random pattern of autosomal allele inactivation is observed.
C)  Human males have only one Y- chromosome and one X- chromosome.
D)  The maternal and paternal alleles of a gene pair are both expressed.
E)  In some allele pairs,only the paternal sourced allele is expressed,and in others,only the maternal sourced allele is expressed. E

Question 3

Different modification of the histone have different effects on gene expression.For instance,the ninth amino acid of histone 3 is a lysine H3K9) can be acetylated once or methylated up to three times.Which of the following is true regarding H3K9 modification?

Accepted Answer

A)  If H3K9 has two methyl groups,then the gene will be activated.
B)  If H3K9 has three methyl groups,then the gene will be repressed.
C)  If H3K9 is acetylated,then the gene will be repressed.
D)  If H3K9 has three methyl groups,it is maximally activated compared to only having one methyl group.
E)  If H3K9 has a single methyl group,then the gene will be repressed.

Question 4

Which DNA methyltransferase DNMT) is important in maintaining DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNMT1
B)  DNMT3a
C)  DNMT2
D)  DNMT3b
E)  DNMT 1 and DNMT3a

Question 5

What are the two goals of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project?

Accepted Answer

The goals are to 1)provide a set of at l...

Question 6

All of the following are epigenetic mechanisms,EXCEPT ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  changing gene expression by changing the nucleotide sequence through mutation
B)  changing gene expression by adding and removing chemical groups to histone proteins
C)  changing gene expression by the use of long noncoding RNAs
D)  changing gene expression by the use of small noncoding RNAs
E)  changing gene expression by adding and removing methyl groups to DNA

Question 7

Long noncoding RNAs that partially overlap protein- coding genes and are transcribed in the opposite direction are best classified as________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  bidirectional lncRNA genes
B)  antisense lncRNA genes
C)  microRNAs
D)  piwi interacting RNAs
E)  intronic lncRNA genes

Question 8

In terms of epigenetics,how the promoter would be described for a gene that is not expressed in lung tissue but is expressed in heart tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  The promoters should appear the same in both types of cells,but the mRNA produced would be hypermethylated more in lung cells compared to heart cells.
B)  In lung cells,the cytosines of the promoter would be hypermethylated,and would be hypomethylated in heart cells.
C)  In lung cells,the guanines in the promoter would be hypomethylated,but would be hypermethylated in heart cells.
D)  In lung cells,the cytosines of the promoter would be hypomethylated,and would be hypermethylated in heart cells.
E)  In lung cells,the guanines in the promoter would be hypermethylated,and would be hypomethylated in heart cells.

Question 9

Even though cancer genomes are overall hypomethylated,explain why some genes are hypermethylated in cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

Hypermethylation of promoters will lead to reduced expression of those genes.Some genes such as cell cycle stop and DNA repair genes need to be expressed.When they aren't expressed,this can lead to cancer.Hypermethylation will reduce their expression.

Question 10

A particular small noncoding RNA that is linked to spermatogenesis is most likely classified as what kind of noncoding RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  short interfering RNAs
B)  bidirectional lncRNAs
C)  microRNAs
D)  piwi- interacting RNAs
E)  antisense lncRNAs

Question 11

Based on rat studies that show how maternal nurturing helps offspring respond better to stress propose a model to help explain why human children who are abused have a higher suicide rate.

Accepted Answer

From rat studies,it could be proposed th...

Question 12

In humans,the number of genes that are imprinted is less than 1%.These imprinted genes are usually associated with________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication
B)  brain function
C)  growth regulation
D)  metabolic pathways
E)  apoptosis

Question 13

Compare and contrast DNMT1,DNMT3a,and DNMT3b in regards to what they do,when they act,and how they affect gene transcription.

Accepted Answer

DNMT1,DNMT3a,and DNMT3b are DNA methyltr...

Question 14

Prader- Willi PW) and Angelman syndromes AS) are imprinting disorders of the same region on chromosome 15.Normally,the genes associated with PW are________ imprinted silenced ,and the one gene associated with AS is________ imprinted silenced .

Accepted Answer

A)  maternally; randomly
B)  randomly; paternally
C)  paternally; maternally
D)  paternally; paternally
E)  maternally; paternally

Question 15

Which of the following statements is most true regarding X- inactivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  X- inactivation is caused primarily by the expression of several small noncoding RNAs sncRNA .
B)  When a cell divides,the inactive X- chromosome remains inactive in the newly formed cell.
C)  X- chromosomes that remain active are called Barr bodies.
D)  X- inactivation is more common in males than females.
E)  X- inactivation results in repressing the expression of approximately 75% of the genes on the X- chromosome.

Question 16

The data from the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project are classified into which five categories?

Accepted Answer

1)Histone modifications,2)DNA ...

Question 17

Is there a risk for epigenetic linked diseases in using artificial reproductive technologies ART)such as in vitro
fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Yes.There is an increase in imprinting e...

Question 18

Explain how HATs and HDACs can lead to the formation of cancer.

Accepted Answer

HATs usually lead to gene expression,and...

Question 19

About 5% of those with Rubinstein- Taybi syndrome develops cancer as a result to decreased gene expression.This is directly linked to abnormal histone modification caused by a dysfunctional enzyme.What enzyme is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methyltransferase DMT 
B)  BRCA1
C)  histone deacetyltransferase HDAC 
D)  histone acetylase HAT 
E)  No enzyme could cause this as cancer is caused only by direct DNA mutations. D

Question 20

Which of the following statements is the most accurate in regards to mice pups who receive less maternal nurturing?

Accepted Answer

A)  As adults their brains are heavily mutated.
B)  As adults they are more likely to nurture their offspring.
C)  As adults they have high levels of glucocorticoid receptor expression.
D)  As adults they have increased promoter methylation.
E)  As adults they have increased ability to adapt to stress.

Exam 19: Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Describe the four types of long noncoding RNAs lncRNA).

Correct Answerverified1)Antisense lncRNA partially overlap pro...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of genomic imprinting in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Different modification of the histone have different effects on gene expression.For instance,the ninth amino acid of histone 3 is a lysine H3K9) can be acetylated once or methylated up to three times.Which of the following is true regarding H3K9 modification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which DNA methyltransferase DNMT) is important in maintaining DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two goals of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe goals are to 1)provide a set of at l...View AnswerShow Answer

All of the following are epigenetic mechanisms,EXCEPT ________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long noncoding RNAs that partially overlap protein- coding genes and are transcribed in the opposite direction are best classified as________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In terms of epigenetics,how the promoter would be described for a gene that is not expressed in lung tissue but is expressed in heart tissue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even though cancer genomes are overall hypomethylated,explain why some genes are hypermethylated in cancer cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedHypermethylation of promoters will lead to reduced expression of those genes.Some genes such as cell cycle stop and DNA repair genes need to be expressed.When they aren't expressed,this can lead to cancer.Hypermethylation will reduce their expression.

A particular small noncoding RNA that is linked to spermatogenesis is most likely classified as what kind of noncoding RNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on rat studies that show how maternal nurturing helps offspring respond better to stress propose a model to help explain why human children who are abused have a higher suicide rate.

Correct AnswerverifiedFrom rat studies,it could be proposed th...View AnswerShow Answer

In humans,the number of genes that are imprinted is less than 1%.These imprinted genes are usually associated with________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast DNMT1,DNMT3a,and DNMT3b in regards to what they do,when they act,and how they affect gene transcription.

Correct AnswerverifiedDNMT1,DNMT3a,and DNMT3b are DNA methyltr...View AnswerShow Answer

Prader- Willi PW) and Angelman syndromes AS) are imprinting disorders of the same region on chromosome 15.Normally,the genes associated with PW are________ imprinted silenced ,and the one gene associated with AS is________ imprinted silenced .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is most true regarding X- inactivation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The data from the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project are classified into which five categories?

Correct Answerverified1)Histone modifications,2)DNA ...View AnswerShow Answer

Is there a risk for epigenetic linked diseases in using artificial reproductive technologies ART)such as in vitro fertilization?

Correct AnswerverifiedYes.There is an increase in imprinting e...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain how HATs and HDACs can lead to the formation of cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedHATs usually lead to gene expression,and...View AnswerShow Answer

About 5% of those with Rubinstein- Taybi syndrome develops cancer as a result to decreased gene expression.This is directly linked to abnormal histone modification caused by a dysfunctional enzyme.What enzyme is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following statements is the most accurate in regards to mice pups who receive less maternal nurturing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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1)Antisense lncRNA partially overlap pro...
View Answer

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E

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Correct Answer
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The goals are to 1)provide a set of at l...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Hypermethylation of promoters will lead to reduced expression of those genes.Some genes such as cell cycle stop and DNA repair genes need to be expressed.When they aren't expressed,this can lead to cancer.Hypermethylation will reduce their expression.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
From rat studies,it could be proposed th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
DNMT1,DNMT3a,and DNMT3b are DNA methyltr...
View Answer

Prader- Willi PW) and Angelman syndromes AS) are imprinting disorders of the same region on chromosome 15.Normally,the genes associated with PW are imprinted silenced ,and the one gene associated with AS is imprinted silenced .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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1)Histone modifications,2)DNA ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Yes.There is an increase in imprinting e...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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HATs usually lead to gene expression,and...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
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