Question 1

All of the following are examples of the innate immune system,EXCEPT _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   memory T cells
B)   phagocytes
C)   skin
D)   mucus
E)   complement

Question 2

The second time we are exposed to a pathogen,we often do not become ill because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the secondary immune response develops very rapidly
B)   the secondary immune response includes the production of a much stronger antibody response than does the primary immune response
C)   during the secondary immune response,antibody concentrations remain high for a long period
D)   All of the answers are correct.
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 3

Chemicals that promote the inflammatory response are released as a result of _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell damage
B)   the innate immune response by phagocytes
C)   the adaptive immune response by T cells
D)   All of the answers are correct.
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

The first time we are exposed to a pathogen,we often become ill because _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   we can't build an immune response the first time we are exposed to a pathogen
B)   our primary immune response takes 7 to 10 days to develop
C)   our secondary immune response takes 7 to 10 days to develop
D)   our immune systems are weak
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Stomach acid and complement proteins are examples of _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   inflammation
B)   physical barriers against infection
C)   antimicrobial chemicals
D)   phagocytes
E)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

All of the following can be helpful in fighting or preventing a viral infection,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   interferon.
B)   antibodies.
C)   plasma cells.
D)   saliva.
E)   antibiotics.

Question 7

Which of the following viral infections will cause bacterial cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteroid
B)   bacteriophage
C)   H1N1
D)   SARS
E)   polio virus

Question 8

Viruses can replicate in a cell referred to as the ______________ cell.

Accepted Answer

A)   symbiotic
B)   host
C)   immune
D)   synthesis
E)   infectious

Question 9

Which age group is most protected against an influenza virus that has undergone antigenic drift?

Accepted Answer

A)   young individuals (younger than 10 years) 
B)   older individuals (older than 65 years) 
C)   adults with healthy and developed immune systems (20 years to 40 years) 
D)   Both young individuals (younger than 10 years) and older individuals (older than 65 years) .
E)   Both young individuals (younger than 10 years) and adults with healthy and developed immune systems (20 years to 40 years) .

Question 10

All living organisms have some sort of defense system against predators and foreign pathogens.Which of these is NOT a method of defense used by other organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   chemical toxins
B)   physical barriers such as spikes
C)   phagocytosis
D)   encapsulation
E)   radiation

Question 11

Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift result in a new strain of viruses.Which statement describes a key difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift?

Accepted Answer

A)   Antigenic shift takes place gradually,whereas antigenic drift occurs rapidly.
B)   Antigenic drift takes place gradually,whereas antigenic shift occurs rapidly.
C)   Antigenic drift occurs when the virus replicates.
D)   Both antigenic shift and antigenic drift take place gradually.
E)   Antigenic drift takes place gradually and occurs when the virus replicates.

Question 12

Which of the following can be targets for cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   cancer cells
B)   virally infected cells
C)   transplanted cells
D)   All of the answers are correct.
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

All viruses contain _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic material and a cell membrane
B)   a cell membrane and a nucleus
C)   genetic material and a protein coat
D)   a protein coat and a cell wall
E)   genetic material and a cell wall

Question 14

How many new viruses will typically be released from an infected cell following synthesis and assembly?

Accepted Answer

A)   10-100
B)   1,000-10,000
C)   10,000-100,000
D)   100,000-1,000,000
E)   Only one viral particle is released at a time.

Question 15

Innate immunity relies upon what general kinds of defenses?

Accepted Answer

A)   physical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body
B)   chemical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body
C)   lymphocytes that set off chains of cellular and humoral that inactivate or destroy invading pathogens
D)   both physical and chemical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Which age group is most susceptible to an influenza virus that has undergone antigenic drift?

Accepted Answer

A)   young individuals (younger than 10 years) 
B)   older individuals (older than 65 years) 
C)   adults with healthy and developed immune systems (20 years to 40 years) 
D)   Both young individuals (younger than 10 years) and older individuals (older than 65 years) .
E)   Both young individuals (younger than 10 years) and adults with healthy and developed immune systems (20 years to 40 years) .

Question 17

Phagocytes _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   recognize,bind,and ingest pathogens
B)   play a role in inflammation
C)   trigger adaptive immune responses
D)   All of the answers are correct.
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

A human influenza strain and an avian (bird) influenza strain both infect a herd of swine (pigs) at the same time.In some cases,both strains infect the same cell and swap genes.This will cause _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the appearance of a new influenza strain with different antigens than either of the original strains
B)   a more dramatic genetic change than is normally caused by mutation and natural selection
C)   a deadly influenza pandemic
D)   both the appearance of a new influenza strain with different antigens than either of the original strains and a more dramatic genetic change than is normally caused by mutation and natural selection
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

During antigenic drift,the genes responsible for the surface antigens on virus capsids mutate,causing the antigens themselves to be different.This process can lead to a formerly harmless virus to become infectious if _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the new antigen will bind to receptor proteins on the host cells' surfaces
B)   the new antigen will provide an effective way for the viruses to exit the host cells
C)   the new antigen will provide the instructions for making new capsids
D)   either the new antigen will bind to receptor proteins on the host cells' surfaces or the new antigen will provide an effective way for the viruses to exit the host cells
E)   either the new antigen will provide an effective way for the viruses to exit the host cells or the new antigen will provide the instructions for making new capsids

Question 20

The synthesis stage of infection _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the stage in which the host cell produces new viral proteins and genetic material
B)   occurs because viral genetic material takes over the host's cellular machinery
C)   ends when new viral particles are released from the host cell
D)   is both the stage in which the host cell produces new viral proteins and genetic material and occurs because viral genetic material takes over the host's cellular machinery
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Exam 32: Immune System

Innate immunity relies upon what general kinds of defenses?

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Phagocytes _________.

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The first time we are exposed to a pathogen,we often become ill because _________.

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How many new viruses will typically be released from an infected cell following synthesis and assembly?

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The synthesis stage of infection _________.

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During antigenic drift,the genes responsible for the surface antigens on virus capsids mutate,causing the antigens themselves to be different.This process can lead to a formerly harmless virus to become infectious if _________.

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Which of the following viral infections will cause bacterial cell lysis?

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Viruses can replicate in a cell referred to as the ______________ cell.

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Stomach acid and complement proteins are examples of _________.

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Chemicals that promote the inflammatory response are released as a result of _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift result in a new strain of viruses.Which statement describes a key difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift?

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All of the following can be helpful in fighting or preventing a viral infection,EXCEPT

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All viruses contain _____.

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Which age group is most protected against an influenza virus that has undergone antigenic drift?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are examples of the innate immune system,EXCEPT _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second time we are exposed to a pathogen,we often do not become ill because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All living organisms have some sort of defense system against predators and foreign pathogens.Which of these is NOT a method of defense used by other organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which age group is most susceptible to an influenza virus that has undergone antigenic drift?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be targets for cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A human influenza strain and an avian (bird) influenza strain both infect a herd of swine (pigs) at the same time.In some cases,both strains infect the same cell and swap genes.This will cause _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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