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Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

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Question 61

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You believe that you will perform poorly in exams even if you study well.As a consequence of this belief,you get low grades.This is an example of:

A) self-confirming validity.
B) a belief confirmation.
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) behavioral perseverance.

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Question 62

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Snap judgments of whether someone or something fits a category is known as _____.

A) the availability heuristic
B) counterfactual thinking
C) the representativeness heuristic
D) embodied cognition

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Question 63

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After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the Internet,you conclude that those who engage in such behavior are morally bankrupt.It never occurs to you that the actual reason teenagers download music from the Internet is because they are not able to afford a compact disc,or they are tempted to download music because of peer pressure.Your thinking on this matter can be characterized by the:

We are eager to verify our beliefs but less inclined to seek evidence that might disprove them.This phenomenon is called the:

Tania is an employee in an IT firm.She behaves in a friendly manner with her mentor and smiles at him courteously.However,her mentor wrongly assumes that Tania is sexually attracted to him.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

Ivan is traveling by bus.All of a sudden,he feels unwell and occupies a vacant window seat.An old man boards the bus after some time.Unable to find a vacant seat,the old man requests Ivan to vacate his seat.Ivan politely declines.The old man assumes that Ivan is inconsiderate and indifferent.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

The statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward their average is called:

When a teacher believes that a child's underachievement is due to lack of motivation and ability,it reflects a:

Ever since Lena watched the news on the rise of shark attacks,she has forbidden her teenage son from going to the beach.However,she does not mind him violating traffic rules.This scenario exemplifies:

Jack works as a software engineer in a multinational company.He finds that the company is training employees to develop their leadership skills.Jack,who values self-development,considers this a good opportunity to improve his skills.In the context of perceiving and interpreting events,which of the following statements is true?

Incorporating inaccurate information into one's memory of an event after witnessing the event and receiving misleading information about it is called the:

Steve likes Samanth A.He has been asking her out every day for the past month and believes that she is flattered by his unwavering attention.Samantha files harassment charges against Steve.This example shows possible problems with:

During a hospital stay,you observed a man and a woman,both in health professional attire,talking to each other.You assumed that the man was a physician and that the woman was a nurse.Later,you found out the opposite to be true.What type of heuristic did you use during your initial reaction to the two individuals?

Alex,a professional soccer player,played extremely well in the first few years of his career.Later,his career suffered a setback,and he became a mediocre player.In the context of psychology,this scenario illustrates:

Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents:

Evan has a job interview in a different city.The airport in his city is far from his place.Despite being aware of the heavy traffic in his city,he starts late for the airport as he is convinced he can reach on time.However,he misses his flight and is unable to attend the interview.In the context of social thinking,this scenario illustrates:

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on an airplane trip covering the same distance,people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

A way to reduce the overconfidence bias is by _____.

In _____ cultures,people less often perceive others in terms of personal dispositions than other cultures.

Describe the strengths and the weaknesses of both controlled processing and automatic processing.